Automated verification of countermeasure against detector-control attack in quantum key distribution

EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY. 2023. Vol. 10. No. 1. Article 22.

Acheva P., Zaitsev K., Zavodilenko V. V., Losev A., Huang A., Makarov V.

Attacks that control single-photon detectors in quantum key distribution using tailored bright illumination are capable  of eavesdropping the secret key. Here we report an automated testbench that checks the detector’s vulnerabilities against these attacks. We illustrate its performance by testing a free-running detector that includes a rudimentary countermeasure measuring an average photocurrent. While our testbench automatically finds the detector to be controllable in a continuous-blinding regime, the countermeasure registers photocurrent significantly exceeding that in a quantum regime, thus revealing the attack. We then perform manually a pulsed blinding attack, which controls the detector intermittently. This attack is missed by the countermeasure in a wide range of blinding pulse durations and powers, still allowing to eavesdrop the key. We make recommendations for improvement of both the testbench and countermeasure.

Keywords: квантовая криптография, Quantum key distribution, single photon detectors, КРК, детектор одиночных фотонов, detector-control attack, detector’s vulnerabilities