Конкуренция дательного падежа и предлога для при глаголах и предикативах в русском языке: семантика и синтаксис

Russian Linguistics. 2023. № 47. С. 167–207.

Apresyan V., Letuchiy A.

The article discusses the distribution of dative case and prepositional phrases with dlja ‘for’ in Russian. We consider factors affecting distribution both for verbs (for instance, verbs of acquisition, such as kupit’ ‘buy’ or verbs of creation, such as postroit’ ‘build’) and predicatives, such as udivitel’no ‘surprising’, xolodno ‘cold’. We demonstrate the following general tendency: dative tends to be used for marking situation participants who are affected by the situation to a larger extent than the participants marked by dlja-phrases. In terms of semantic roles, dative-marked arguments frequently refer to experiencers and beneficiaries, while arguments in dlja-phrases denote participants who merely assess situations or, if they are beneficiaries, are only indirectly affected. Moreover, dlja can also mark participants with no role in the situation itself. In such cases, it can be assigned the semantic role of a ‘restrictor’ (a participant that only serves as a reference point for the description of a state or property). This opposition, in turn, explains the fact that dlja is easily combined with syntactic heads (nouns and adjectives) that do not have a full-fledged argument structure, while dative marking is often incompatible with these types of heads. Although there is an affinity between certain semantic classes and dative vs. dlja syntactic marking, sometimes members of the same semantic class demonstrate different lexicalization patterns and “choose” one of the two possible markings, while prohibiting the other. Also, marking depends on many contextual factors: apart from the differences in semantic role construal, dative vs. dlja can also reflect differences in referential status and in information structure.

Keywords: семантическая роль, possessor, дательный падеж, semantic role, experiencer, экспериенцер, argument raising, подъем аргумента, Dative case, предлог, Preposition, Evaluator, Restrictor, Субьект оценки, Рестриктор, Получатель, Затронутость