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Исследование эффективности тактического мышления у баскетболистов
In sports games, along with the improvement of motor skills, athletes develop tactical thinking skills – a specialized form of mental activity. This is due to the fact that the absence of standard programs of motor activity in games requires special attention to its current conditions. Therefore, in these sports, the main form of brain activity is not the execution of motor stereotypes, but the creative function. This necessitates the need for a methodology that accurately measures parameters that characterize various features of tactical thinking in basketball players, which would allow them to be comprehensively assessed in athletes of various qualifications, age, gender, and experience. The aim of the study was to develop and test a methodology for assessing tactical thinking in basketball players. The task model is a game situation in a 5x5 attack. The subjects were asked to solve the problem for the player holding the ball. The test included 42 tasks. It was implemented on the platform of the psychodiagnostic complex Multipsychometer-05. Three modes were used in the study: with a 5-second limit, a 3-second limit on decision making, and a 3-second one with acoustic interference. Highly qualified basketball players have increased efficiency in solving tactical problems compared to less qualified athletes. Moreover, it increases in them as extreme operating conditions are created, such as time pressure and disruptive interference. Increasing complexity of performance conditions leads to greater mobilization in more qualified athletes and to a progressive decrease in efficiency in less trained second category basketball players. Highly qualified basketball players quickly make decisions when solving tactical problems, having a short response latency, which results in greater efficiency, and their motor component of the reaction (decision latency) is higher at all stages of testing compared to less qualified athletes. Perhaps this makes it possible to increase variability in the performance of motor actions and carry out ongoing correction of responses. The accuracy of solving tactical problems in highly qualified athletes increases as testing conditions become more complex (lack of time and disruptive interference), which has a mobilizing effect on them to realize functional reserves. Basketball players of the second category show the exact opposite reaction, expressed in a drop in the accuracy of responses and the appearance of chaotic random actions. The effectiveness of solving tactical problems by basketball players in all three tests has a pronounced positive correlation with the accuracy of answers and a significant inverse correlation with indicators of response latency.