Иконоборчество и теория образа в эпоху Реформации

Диалог со временем. 2024. Т. 88. С. 303–318.

Lurie Z.

The article looks at the problem of iconoclasm from the angle of cultural history. During the controversy about the images in the first half of the 1520s between Karlstadt, Luther and Zwingli liturgical norms of the Lutheran and Reformed churches we formed. They were also reflected in the doctrinal texts. In Luther’s version of 10 Commandments lacks the prohibition to create images, whereas in Leo Yud's catechism it is presented as a second, independent, commandment. Since the late 1520s the cities and lands of the German-speaking region started to be involved in the process of confessionalization. Cleansing of churches, fight against "harmful" cults, abuses and superstitions constantly updated the iconoclastic discourse. Hence there was a need for a more systematic understanding of fine arts and theater. The Wittenberg reformers shared the idea of imaginative thinking and talked about image as the initial cognitive category uniting imagination, visual art, rituals and theater. In the Reformed cities, the development of art and theater was no less intense (or even more), but Wittenberg's "pedagogy of the image" was unequivocally rejected. Visual art was conceptualized as a kind of "stories", narratives, and theater as a genre of literature. Besides, the Reformed teachers were developing the idea of theater as an educational activity.

Keywords: illustration, иллюстрации, иконоборчество, Christian pedagogy, религиозная педагогика, Veneration of icons