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Использовать ли показатель трудности при анализе психологических тестов?
Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал. 2023. Т. 16. № 88. Статья 1.
The present articleis aimed to examine the applicability of the difficulty index within the framework of psychometric analysis of psychological tests. It is demonstrated that this index is often disregarded in traditional psychometric research due to its absence in the paradigm of confirmatory factor analysis, which is commonly employed by most psychologists. Analytical and empirical examples are provided to illustrate that difficulty is analogous to entropy, a measure of information quantity, and does not possess a unit of measurement.A comparison of both indices is conducted to assess their respective advantages and disadvantages. Recommendations are providedregarding their utilization in studies on the quality of diagnostic methods.
Keywords: entropyэнтропияпсиходиагностикаpsychodiagnosticsconfirmatory factor analysisконфирматорный факторный анализСовременная теория тестирования (IRT)Item response theoryclassical test theoryклассическая теория тестирования difficulty indexdiscriminative powerпоказатель трудностидискриминативность
Publication based on the results of:
СПб.: Международный институт развития когнитивно-поведенческой терапии, 2026.
This collection of scientific articles addresses current issues and modern developments in cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, coaching, and related fields. ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Vorchik A., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026.
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Ван Г., Торопова А. В., Музыкальное искусство и образование 2025 Т. 13 № 4 С. 73–91
Contemporary vocal pedagogy faces a complex set of methodological challenges that encompass not only the search for ways to improve technical vocal skills for the realization of artistic vision, but also the development of self-control and self-regulation in future singers, as well as the entire creative process. A successful artist cannot function without the ability ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Kazantseva A. V., A.V. Toropova, Khusnutdinova E. K. et al., ВАВИЛОВСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ГЕНЕТИКИ И СЕЛЕКЦИИ, Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» (ИЦиГ СО РАН) (Новосибирск) 2025 Vol. 30 No. 3 P. 470–481
The development of musical abilities, including absolute pitch, musical memory, rhythm sense, and musicality, at a high degree is determined by a hereditary component (up to 68 %). The studies implementing a genome-wide linkage and association approach to musical aptitude have revealed more than 100 genetic loci. This spectrum is comprised of the genes encoding ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Давидович А. С., Shestakova A., Arzumanyan N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 - 2026 P. 1–18
Background:
Delay discounting refers to the tendency to choose sooner, smaller rewards over larger, later rewards. Many previous studies link this tendency positively to reward sensitivity, yet the specific mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. Reward sensitivity may relate to delay discounting through at least three possible pathways: increased sensitivity to reward size, increased sensitivity ...
Added: May 27, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Behavior Genetics 2026
Functional literacy—the ability to apply reading, mathematical, and scientific knowledge in authentic contexts as operationalized by the PISA framework—is a key predictor of educational attainment, labour-market outcomes, and economic growth. Despite extensive behavioral-genetic research on cognitive ability, the heritability of competency-based literacy measures remains largely unexamined, particularly outside Western populations. The present study addresses this ...
Added: May 26, 2026
Dorri Sedeh S., Kosonogov V., Kerimova N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1710257
Introduction:
As cities continue to grow, access to natural environments is becoming more limited, contributing to increased stress levels in urban populations. Panoramic 360° videos provide a creative and scalable means of simulating natural environments, potentially reducing stress in city residents under controlled settings. Here, we examined whether short immersive experiences in different urban environments support ...
Added: May 25, 2026
Kochetkova Ekaterina, Kostanian D., Martynova O. et al., Brain Topography 2026 Vol. 39 No. 4 Article 51
Letter recognition is assumed to involve several levels of analysis, including coarse tuning for category and novelty and more fine tuning for specific features, related to letter orientation. We employed an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm with magnetoencephalography (Elekta VectorView, 306 sensors) to study neural discrimination responses in the source space. Using contrasts ...
Added: May 24, 2026
Zaikin A., Sviridov I., Sosedka A. et al., Technologies 2026 Vol. 14 No. 2 Article 84
High-dimensional tabular data are common in biomedical and clinical research, yet conventional machine learning methods often struggle in such settings due to data scarcity, feature redundancy, and limited generalization. In this study, we systematically evaluate Synolitic Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs), a framework that transforms high-dimensional samples into sample-specific graphs by training ensembles of low-dimensional pairwise ...
Added: May 23, 2026
Kadieva D., Blagoveshchensky E., Agranovich O. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1832623
Embodied and embedded cognition (EEC) theory proposes that language and cognitive development emerge from bodily interactions with the environment, yet empirical tests of this claim in clinical developmental populations remain rare. This mini-review synthesizes behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural neuroimaging evidence from children with serious early motor disorders—obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita—which restrict ...
Added: May 20, 2026
Кияненко И. К., Клиническая и специальная психология 2026 Т. 15 № 1 С. 7–19
Context and relevance. The problem of the impact of urban stress factors on mental health is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of urbanization. Living in cities is accompanied by increased psychophysiological stress, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among urban residents. Objective. The purpose of the article is to ...
Added: May 19, 2026
Alenina E., Kristina Terenteva, Kosonogov V., Behavioral Sciences 2026 Vol. 16 No. 5 Article 806
Anxiety is a multidimensional construct that influences cognitive performance in complex ways, yet its factor structure and domain-specific effects remain unclear. This study examined (1) the psychometric structure of general and specific anxiety measures, (2) their associations with cognitive performance across different domains, and (3) the predictive power of machine learning models in classifying cognitive ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Росмэн-Пресс, 2026.
«Деньги. Энциклопедия российского школьника» кратко и емко расскажет:
· Чем в древности платили за товары
· Как выглядели первые деньги, из чего их делали и где хранили
· Как найти клад и можно ли выиграть в лотерею
· Как работает банк
· Как дети и подростки могут зарабатывать и распоряжаться личным бюджетом
· И еще сотни интересных научно-обоснованных фактов
Книга поможет мальчикам ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Просвещение, 2024.
В книге собраны рекомендации и практические советы приёмным родителям, с помощью которых можно сформировать у детей правильное отношение к денежным средствам, рассказывается, какими словами объяснять понятные взрослым истины относительно личных и семейных финансов ребёнку любого возраста. Одной из задач книги стала необходимость объяснения этого феномена — потребительского отношения приёмных детей к труду замещающих родителей, к ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Bobrova A., Poddiakov A., Aksiotis V., Вопросы психологии 2025 Т. 71 № 4 С. 96–106
In psychology, people's assessment of conditional statements "if--then", agreement and disagreement with them is actively studied. This assessment of people who are not specialists in the field of logic often differs greatly from its requirements, especially if the reality observed by a person to one degree or another contradicts a formally correct logical conclusion. In ...
Added: May 17, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Educational Research and Evaluation 2026 P. 1–24
This study investigates the psychometric structure and school-level associations between cognitive abilities of teachers and students. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, we administered a PISA-based cognitive assessment tool measuring reading, mathematics, science literacy, and global competence to 5,391 eighth-grade students and 2,385 teachers from 84 schools in a Russian region. Bifactor modeling, measurement invariance testing, ...
Added: May 15, 2026
Talov D., Tarasova K., Высшее образование в России 2026 Т. 35 № 4 С. 85–104
The development of critical thinking is currently regarded as one of the key objectives of higher education. In this context, there is a growing number of instruments aimed at assessing critical thinking in domain-specific and more authentic educational settings. However, considerably less attention has been paid to the question of the extent to which the ...
Added: May 6, 2026
Садова А. Р., Соболева О. Б., Ivanova A. et al., Организационная психология 2025 Т. 15 № 4 С. 101–130
Purpose. This study presents the development and validation of the “Organizational PlanningTest” (OPT), designed to assess planning competencies in working professionals (specialists and managers). Methodology. Employing contemporary psychometric approaches (classical test theory and item response theory), the test development followed a rigorous multi-stage procedure: (1) theoretical framework construction, (2) initial item pool generation, (3) think-aloud ...
Added: March 23, 2026
Mikhaylova Oxana, Bochaver Alexandra, Current Psychology 2026 Vol. 45 Article 712
Prosocial behavior measures validated across diverse cultural contexts remain limited. We validated the Adult Prosocialness Behavior Scale (APBS) in 7,965 Russian adults (52.0% women; Mage = 42.4, SD = 12.1) using sampling weights to approximate population representativeness. Split-sample analyses supported a two-factor structure with correlated Prosocial Actions and Prosocial Feelings dimensions (χ² = 2,754.87, CFI = .978, TLI ...
Added: March 11, 2026
Ясин М. И., Kolpachnikov V., Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики 2025 Т. 22 № 2 С. 222–236
The article presents the results of the development and validation of a new questionnaire for diagnosing openness to experience in a person-centered approach. Openness to experience in a personcentered approach is seen as the ability to encounter new experiences, accept the full range of emotions that arise in the process of this encounter, the accompanying ...
Added: February 25, 2026
Соболев В. Н., Фролов А. А., Чебышевский сборник 2025 Т. 26 № 5 С. 203–220
In the article, on the class K 0 of infinite binary sequences without the runs of ones, a
consistent probability distribution P is constructed which is induced by a time-homogeneous
Markov chain with a one-step transition matrix P𝜑 , and is completely determined by the
golden ratio 𝜑. Using a Markov chain to construct a probability measure P ...
Added: February 11, 2026
Kostenko V., Nabieva U., Lebedeva A., Вопросы психологии 2025 Т. 71 № 3 С. 113–126
Представлена русскоязычная адаптация Комплексного опросника процветания (Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving, CIT) и Краткого опросника процветания (Brief Inventory of Thriving, BIT) Р. Су, Л. Тэя и Э. Динера. CIT оценивает семь ключевых компонентов психологического благополучия: субъективное благополучие, отношения, смысл, вовлеченность, мастерство, оптимизм и автономию. В исследовании приняли участие 800 работающих взрослых (50 % мужчин, M = ...
Added: January 11, 2026
Veraksa A., Charkhabi M., Aslanova M. et al., PsyCh Journal 2025 Vol. 14 No. 6 P. 853–866
Executive functions (EFs) as a set of cognitive processes play a crucial role in developing children's higher mental functions andacademic success. Regardless of the number of studies conducted on EFs, current findings on the structure of cognitive functionsas a whole or multifaceted construct are mixed. This study aims to evaluate and compare the latent factor ...
Added: December 25, 2025
LePoire D., Grinin L. E., Korotayev A., Journal of Big History 2025 Vol. 8 No. 3 P. 98–139
Building on foundational work in systems theory, thermodynamics, and evolutionary theory, this paper argues that complexity can serve as a conceptual bridge across disciplines. It explores the role of complexity dynamics in Big History through an integrative theoretical framework that spans physical, chemical, geological, biological, social, cognitive, and civilizational domains. By examining how complexity emerges, ...
Added: November 1, 2025