Микродиахронические изменения в глагольной лексике русского языка на примере предиката "вздумать"

Современный ученый. 2023. № 4.

Dmitriev I.

The article is devoted to the analysis of lexicographical sources, which describe the meaning of the verb vzdumat’. The aim of this work is to analyze the microdichronic shifts in the verb lexicon on the example of this lexeme. Lermontov's novel «A Hero of Our Time» is the research object, which is determined by the closeness of the writer's language to the requirements of the modern norm. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that this material may be used in the practical classes of «Literary Studies» in higher educational institutions and in the lessons of the Russian language and literature in the humanities classes of secondary schools in the analysis of the literary language of the 19th century in general and the language of a particular writer in particular. The work «A Hero of Our Time» contains at least 20% of constructions and their constituent lexemes, the use of which distinguishes the norm of the 19th century from the modern one. One of the points of variation was the verb considered in this article. However, during the work with dictionary sources, it became clear that not all the dictionaries contain an adequate interpretation of the modern norm: some articles either highlight an unjustified number of meanings, some of which are absent today, or give examples-illustrations from the late 18th-early 19th centuries, which cannot reflect the whole range of modern usage.

As a result of the analysis of examples from the National Corpus of the Russian language and the card index of the V. V. Vinogradov Institute of Russian Language, it was found that in the modern language, unlike the norm of the 19th century, the lexeme vzdumat’ became evaluative and is fixed in two types of contexts: in the formula forbidding ne vzdumay! and in the construction with the infinitive with the meaning of disapproval by the speaker of the actions of the interlocutor or a third person.

Keywords: microdichronic changes, verbal vocabulary, lexicographic sources, stylistic notes, lexeme vzdumat’.

Keywords: диахроническая лингвистика, корпусная семантика, русский язык XIX в.