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The manifestation of incidental findings in different experimental visual search paradigms
Psychology in Russia: State of the Art. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 140–158.
Olga S. Rubtsova, Gorbunova E. S.
Background. Incidental findings are items of visual search that are potentially of significance, but were not the main object of the initial search. They have been previously widely discussed in the field of radiology. However, the underlying perceptual mechanisms of such phenomenon are still unclear.
Objective. The current study aims to examine incidental findings in different paradigms of visual search in order to reveal their primary perceptual aspects.
Design. Two behavioral visual search experiments were conducted. The mixed hybrid search task model was used in the first experiment, while the subsequent search miss effect was employed in the second experiment. The task was to find targets among distractors, according to given instructions. Stimuli material consisted of images of real-life objects that were randomly distributed across the screen for each trial.
Results. Accuracy and reaction time of the participants were analyzed in both experiments. Similar effects were observed for both parameters. Specific targets in the first experiment and typical targets in the second experiment were found significantly faster and more accurately in comparison to categorical and atypical targets. Moreover, this tendency did not depend on the order of target identification. Hence, the prevalence of the targets was revealed to be the primary factor in the case of incidental findings.
Conclusion. The study revealed the emergence of incidental findings in both experiments. Typical or specific targets were detected significantly more accurately, compared to atypical or categorical targets. Subsequent search misses were not detected, suggesting that target prevalence could be a crucial factor that is specific for incidental findings.
Хилинская О. С., Leykina A., Журнал клинического и прикладного психоанализа 2026 Т. VII № 2 С. 104–121
Questions of the interrelation of manifestations played out on the psychic stage and at the level of
the body have been the object of research in both psychiatry and psychoanalytic psychopathology
for a long time, since the time of Hippocrates. With the advent of psychoanalysis, a revolution took
place in the
fi
eld of psychosomatics, Freud brought something that would ...
Added: July 4, 2026
Imbault C., Slioussar N., Ivanenko A. et al., The Mental Lexicon 2026 P. 1–23
The study examines emotional responses to words representing a wide range of psychological valence and focuses on gender-related differences. We aimed to find out whether men and women differ in their emotional responses, and whether they can take the perspective of another gender. We used the slider paradigm (Warriner et al., 2017): participants saw a humanoid ...
Added: July 2, 2026
Shilmanskaya A., Leontiev D., Культурно-историческая психология 2026 Т. 22 № 2 С. 86–97
Context and relevance. The issue of personality changes has become a significant trend in personality research over the past decade. Traditional approaches to assessing the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic work are based on comparing measurement results before and after intervention. Objective. To test the visual “Trajectory” method for assessing the perceived trajectory of individual development and to verify its ...
Added: July 1, 2026
Васильчук М. С., Шаньков Ф. М., Chumakova M. et al., Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics 2021 Vol. 18 No. 2 P. 247–258
The 2019 Coronavirus disease outbreak leads to negative psychological outcomes not only for healthcare workers and patients, but also for the general public. S. Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources theory is one of the most applicable models for conceptualizing and evaluating natural and social catastrophes and their impact. A web-based screening has been conducted at the ...
Added: June 30, 2026
Luzhnova K., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2025 Vol. 19 No. 107 P. 1–18
This systematic review aims to synthesize and analyze current research on the characteristics of category learning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within the framework of the COVIS model, which posits competition between explicit (verbal) and implicit (nonverbal) categorization systems. The review includes 40 empirical studies published between 1981 and 2025, selected according to ...
Added: June 30, 2026
Antonova N., Федулова Е. В., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2026 Т. 19 № 107 С.
The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of cognitive-behavioral coaching and to identify prospects for its further development and research. The article examines the historical prerequisites for the emergence of cognitive-behavioral coaching as a helping practice. The distinctions between cognitive-behavioral coaching (CBC) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are analyzed. The ...
Added: June 29, 2026
Sautkina E., Bonnefoy B., Osin E., Journal of Environmental Psychology 2026 Vol. 113 No. August 2026 Article 103124
Several theories suggest that individual differences in the notion of the self are associated with relationship to nature and pro-environmental behavior. However, the diversity of existing theories makes it difficult to test this hypothesis in a comprehensive way. We combined a wide range of relevant constructs to explore whether self-centeredness (operationalized as a combination of ...
Added: June 29, 2026
Chebotareva E., Гончарова М. Э., Дубинина Т. С., М.: Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы, 2024.
В сборнике представлены материалы Международной научно-практической конференции, посвящённой 85-летию доктора психологических наук, профессора, заслуженного работника высшей школы РФ, заслуженного профессора РУДН им. Патриса Лумумбы Александра Ивановича Крупнова, которая состоялась 26 апреля 2024 г. на кафедре психологии и педагогики филологического факультета Российского университета дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы. В работе конференции приняли участие более 500 ученых ...
Added: June 26, 2026
Chebotareva E., Routledge, 2025.
The Routledge International Handbook of Interracial and Intercultural Relationships and Mental Health presents critical, theoretical, empirical, and psychological accounts of intercultural intimacies.
It challenges pervasive Eurocentric discourse and ideas and offers current, scholarly, practical, equitable, global, and intercultural responsive philosophies, theories, clinical frameworks, and practices. The chapters in this text offer critical perspectives on the mental ...
Added: June 25, 2026
Chebotareva E., Hill C. T., Springer, 2025.
The second revised and expanded edition of this successful handbook extensively explores the idea and practice of love from diverse cultural, psychological, and biological perspectives. It provides a comprehensive understanding of love by examining its various manifestations, cultural interpretations, and the underlying psychological and biological mechanisms that shape it. Notably, the book won the William ...
Added: June 25, 2026
Chebotareva E., Психология и психотерапия семьи 2025 № 4 С. 100–101
This review of experience of the EFT adapting to work with adult sibling dyads. The specifics of
the therapeutic process are highlighted and the main focus of influence is indicated. ...
Added: June 25, 2026
Худова В. А., Glebko N., Новые психологические исследования 2026 № 2 С. 13–37
Digitalization and the widespread use of the Internet have changed the way people interact with information. The Internet and digital devices are becoming a kind of “external memory storage,” functioning as a form of transactive memory: instead of relying on their own cognitive resources, people increasingly trust search engines and cloud services. In this regard, ...
Added: June 24, 2026
N.V. Klimenkov, S.D. Kovalenko, E.S. Gorbunova, Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatelnosti Imeni I.P. Pavlova 2025 Vol. 75 No. 5 P. 572–585
This study is devoted to the investigation of neural correlates of attentional template formation in categorical search. The categorization process plays a crucial role in optimizing information processing and storage in working memory. Categories are divided into subordinate, basic and superordinate levels, which determine the degree of specificity and clarity of representation. Attentional templates contain ...
Added: October 29, 2025
Gavrilova E., Novoselova K., Myachykov A. et al., В кн.: Когнитивная наука в Москве: новые исследования. Материалы конференции 25 – 26 июня 2025.: М.: Буки Веди, 2025. С. 128–133.
The ability to perceive biological motion (BM) and extract meaningful information from it represents a crucial prerequisite for developing social skills. Both autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and autistic traits in the general population are associated with social functioning impairments. This study examines BM perception in social and non-social contexts among adults with varying levels of ...
Added: September 15, 2025
Anufrieva A., Gorbunova E. S., Национальный психологический журнал 2025 Т. 20 № 4 С. 142–158
Background. Knowledge about the way of acting with an object, which is stored in its representation, can influence the speed of its identification and categorisation. This phenomenon is called the compatibility effect (CE). Despite the fact that this effect has been a subject of interest to researchers for quite a long time, the ideas about ...
Added: July 9, 2025
Anufrieva A., Gorbunova E. S., Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология 2025 Т. 15 № 4 С. 684–701
The compatibility effect (CE) is the acceleration of a report when the motor programme and object affodance match. The present study was aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of the CE within the framework of the classical visual search methodology. Previous studies in this area had a number of shortcomings: the activation of the motor programme ...
Added: July 9, 2025
Anufrieva A., Gorbunova E. S., Cognitive Processing 2025 Vol. 26 No. 4 P. 801–819
Can the activation of a motor programme help find object? On the assumption that knowledge about the way of acting with an object is included in its general representation, in the naming and categorization tasks a compatibility effect was obtained. Since during visual search an attention template is formed on the basis of theobject representation, ...
Added: July 9, 2025
Белоусова А. Ю., Зотова Н. Е., Korotkova I., Вестник психотерапии 2025 № 93 С. 100–112
Relevance. Social cognition impairments in patients with schizophrenia complicate their interactions with others, adversely impacting daily functioning and the progression of the disease. Investigating these impairments is crucial for developing effective strategies for diagnosis, rehabilitation, and psychological intervention to improve patients’ quality of life.
Intention. To investigate the impairments in cognitive information processing in patients with ...
Added: April 7, 2025
Malyshevskaya A., Fischer M., Shtyrov Y. et al., Scientific Reports 2024 Vol. 14 No. 1 Article 9675
The existence of a consistent horizontal spatial-conceptual mapping for words denoting time is a well-established phenomenon. For example, words related to the past or future (e.g., yesterday/tomorrow) facilitate respective leftward/rightward attentional shifts and responses, suggesting the visual-spatial grounding of temporal semantics, at least in the native language (L1). To examine whether similar horizontal bias also accompanies access ...
Added: February 21, 2025
W. Joseph MacInnes, Zhozhikashvili N., Feurra M., , in: First International Conference, AIiH 2024, Swansea, UK, September 4–6, 2024, Proceedings, Part II. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. LNCS, volume 14976Vol. 14976.: Springer, 2024. P. 221–234.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) match human performance in many visual tasks like the classification of images, however they may not simulate the underlying biological processes. We implemented a CNN to try replicate results from an object inversion experiment with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). After training on upright faces, the CNN model went through three stages ...
Added: January 28, 2025
Signayevskaya K., Gorbunova E. S., Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал 2024 Т. 17 № 97 Статья 5
The present study investigates the contextual cueing effect under different levels of object working memory (WM) load. According to this effect, repeated exposure to a particular configuration of target objects and distractors leads to a decrease in target retrieval time. At the same time, subjects could not distinguish between «old» and «new» configurations, suggesting that ...
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Sekerina I. A., Parshina O., Staroverova V. et al., Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 2025 Vol. 249 Article 106074
The current study employed the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to test comprehension of narrative macrostructure in Russian in a visual world eye-tracking paradigm. The four MAIN visual narratives are structurally similar and question referents’ goals and internal states (IS). Previous research revealed that children’s MAIN comprehension differed among the four narratives in German, ...
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Gorbunova E. S., Российский психологический журнал 2023 Т. 20 № 3 С. 116–130
Введение. Задача зрительного поиска представляет собой поиск целевых стимулов среди отвлекающих (дистракторов). Данная задача является одной из самых популярных в исследованиях внимания. При этом и методика, и теоретические представления о механизмах работы внимания в данной задаче претерпели значительные изменения по мере развития когнитивной психологии. В частности, современные исследования уделяют больше внимания экологической валидности используемого стимульного ...
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Baulina M., Kosonogov V., Frontiers in Psychology 2024 Vol. 14 Article 1218124
Developmental dyscalculia (DD) is a subtype of learning disabilities, which is characterized by lower mathematical skills despite average intelligence and average or satisfactory performance in other academic areas. It is not fully understood how such deficits emerge in the course of brain development. When considering the mechanisms of dyscalculia, two domain-specific systems are distinguished. The ...
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