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Множественность когнитивных миров живых существ: изучая наследие Я. фон Икскюля
The conception of Umwelt developed by J. von Uexküll is of enduring importance for the development of theoretical ideas about the multiverse (many worlds) in modern science, not only in biology but also in cognitive science and in a number of areas of the humanities and social sciences. The main meanings introduced by Uexküll into the concept of Umwelt are revealed, including the concept of the cognitive closeness of individuals and biological species from each other, the semantic fitness of their worlds, and ways of their mutual adjustment when creating ecological landscapes. The ways of translating the concept of Umwelt onto the life and cognitive world of a human person are analyzed as well. Parallels are drawn with the conceptions developed in modern cognitive science, such as enactivism. It is shown that many modern ideas of multiverse are inspired by the later works of Uexküll, in which he applied his concept of Umwelt to understanding the differences in the individual worlds of life of different people.