Диалектика раба и суверена: проблема самосознания у Кожева и Батая

Гуманитарный акцент. 2023. № 1. С. 12–28.

Голубов М. Д., Коцарь А. О.

In our article we examine the dialectic of slave and master through the optics of two French Neo-Hegelian thinkers, Alexandre Kojève and Georges Bataille. Both thinkers attempt to answer the question of how the ideal of man is possible with this dialectic. However, they arrive at different answers. Kojève sees the possibility of perfection only on the side of the slave, agreeing with Hegel. Bataille proposes instead of the slave the figure of the sovereign, who renounces the accumulation of knowledge and goods, that is, the alienation of his desire for the benefit and future. The article offers a comparison of their receptions in the light of the problem of human self-consciousness. Kojève’sfigure of the sage as perfect satisfaction and complete self-knowledge leads to impossibility to have self-consciousness as such. Bataille, developing Kojève's thesis, comes to the idea that the fixation of the slave and philosophy itself on the accumulation of meaning is a painful rejection of the truth of the human being, which lies in the ecstasies of ignorance, the experience of which cannot be conveyed discursively. The article concludes that self-consciousness is only possible through the epistemological break between being and thinking.

Keywords: антропология, эпистемология, самосознание, anthropology, sovereignty, Александр Кожев, Alexandre Kojève, Dialectics of Master and Slave, суверенность, epistemology in humanities, Georges Bataille, диалектика раба и господина, Жорж Батай

Publication based on the results of: The Development of Transcendentalism in Russian Thought: from Classical Models of Description toward to Soviet Models (2022)