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Les verbes labiles dans l’histoire de la famille indo-européenne: une perspective typologique diachronique
P. 191–216.
Kulikov L.
This article deals with the history of oppositions of transitivity and the evolution of the system of labile verbs (verbs which admit changes in transitivity without formal change of the verb, cf. La clé tourna dans la serrure ~ Pierre tourna la clé dans la serrure). It focuses on the evolution of labile verb systems in a few branches of the Indo-European language family, which show crucial changes in this area of the morpho-syntactic system (Germanic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian). By integrating data from these linguistic groups with those from other Indo-European and non-Indo-European branches that attest to radical changes in the system of labile verbs (such as Semitic or Chinese), the article uncovers the mechanisms responsible for the emergence and disappearance of lability. The hypothesis of a high degree of lability in the ancient Indo-European syntax is the subject of a critical analysis. This contribution clarifies the position of Indo-European languages from the point of view of the history of transitivity types and contributes to our understanding of Proto-Indo-European syntax. In addition, the article explains why in several languages the class of labile verbs is constantly increasing (as in English or Greek), while in other languages this class is decreasing (as in Sanskrit) or completely lacking (as in Turkish). It discovers, systematizes and explains the characteristics and processes that determine the evolution of transitivity and the modifications of the syntactic characteristics of verbs.
In book
Editions et Presses Universitaires de Reims, 2022.
Obukhov A., Маерле М. А., Минаева Е. И., Исследователь/Researcher 2025 № 3-4 С. 282–299
The article presents a preliminary synthesis of materials from an expedition conducted in the Ulyunkhan ulus, an Evenk
settlement in the Kurumkansky District of the Republic of Buryatia, in 2025, comparing them with materials from a 2005 expedition. The study focuses on the changes over the past twenty years as perceived by the local residents themselves (Buryats and Evenks). It compares ...
Added: June 2, 2026
Чистякова Д. Г., Известия РАН. Серия литературы и языка 2026 Т. 85 № 1 С. 122–133
The paper focuses on the development and decline of secondary lability in the Shughni-Rushani languages (Iranian branch, Indo-European family). It provides an overview of the phenomena that fall under the definition of lability in these languages, particularly secondary P-lability, A-lability, and labile complex verbs. The study describes the pathways through which secondary P-lability arose in ...
Added: May 12, 2026
Melenchenko M., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2024 Т. 7 № 1 С. 64–88
“Defective” verb žīwǰ ‘love’ in Shughni only has the Perfect stem, but lacks Present and Preterite stems. Instead, to express these tenses, Shughni uses complex verbs with auxiliary verbs čīdow ‘do’ and vidow ‘be’. This paper attempts to describe the distribution of three constructions: the independent žīwǰ and the two complex verbs which use it, ...
Added: February 5, 2025
Filatov K., Вопросы языкознания 2024 № 6 С. 32–57
Despite the fact that Andic languages (Avar-Andic < East-Caucasian) are widely recognised as agglutinating, their verbal systems barely demonstrate any agglutinating properties. The most important characteristic of these systems is the incomplete orthogonality of grammatical categories, and the related property of semantic non-additivity or morphological idiomaticity. In terms of morphotactic structure, different Andic systems can ...
Added: October 15, 2024
Shvedova E., Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология» 2024 Т. 26 № 5 С. 110–140
The article is devoted to causative verb alternation in Christian Urmi Neo-Aramaic. I have analyzed the formal types of 31 causal/noncausal verb pairs developed by M. Haspelmath (1993). Field data were collected during the fieldtrip to the village of Urmiya, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. I show that Haspelmath’s ordering of verb meanings according to the likelihood ...
Added: August 23, 2024
Yulia Tyumeneva, Sudorgina Y., Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2024 Vol. 46 No. 5 P. 314–320
Likert scales rely on the assumption that psychological attributes are ordinal, meaning that the attribute levels a, b, and c are in transitive relations. Testing transitivity is possible through pairwise comparisons of attribute levels. Previous tests showed that people can violate transitivity, which calls into question the basic assumption of rating scales. We hypothesized that ...
Added: June 23, 2024
Чистякова Д. Г., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2022 Т. 5 № 2 С. 84–100
Many Iranian languages have developed differential object marking (DOM). Since many languages have lost case inflection, special markers were used to mark a direct object. In different Iranian languages, DOM may depend on different factors: specificity hierarchy; tense and aspect or information structure [Windfuhr 2009: 33; Bossong 1985]. In Shughni special marking of an object ...
Added: May 7, 2024
Arzhantsev I., Zaitseva Y., Research in Mathematical Sciences 2024 Vol. 11 No. 2 Article 27
An algebraic variety X is called a homogeneous variety if the automorphism group Aut(X) acts on X transitively, and a homogeneous space if there exists a transitive action of an algebraic group on X. We prove a criterion of smoothness of a suspension to construct a wide class of homogeneous varieties. As an application, we ...
Added: March 23, 2024
Kulikov L., Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Труды института лингвистических исследований 2022 Т. 18 № 1 С. 179–190
The article discusses the etymology of the Greek theonym Κρόνος (Cronus), qualified by all dictionaries as etymologically unclear. I argue that this name can be considered as a member of the small class of nouns in ‑όνο‑ with agent‑instrumental semantics. Following an old proposal by H. D. Müller (later advocated by M. Janda),
I adopt the analysis of this ...
Added: November 26, 2022
Pacchiarotti S., Kulikov L., Linguistics 2022 Vol. 60 No. 2 P. 617–657
In this article, we first show that the Bribri (Chibchan) middle voice suffix -r derives passive voice from active transitive and agentive intransitive verbs, as well as anticausative verbs from nominal and adjectival roots. Second, we focus on five media tantum verbs, i.e., forms that synchronically carry the -r suffix and have no counterpart without -r. Unlike ...
Added: November 23, 2022
Arkadiev P., Letuchiy A., , in: Antipassive: Typology, diachrony, and related constructions.: Philadelphia, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. Ch. 15 P. 483–514.
The article focuses on antipassive formation in Adyghe and Kabardian (Circassian < West Caucasian), polysynthetic languages with ergative alignment of basic morphosyntax. The Circassian antipassive is typologically unusual in several respects. First, it is derived not only from transitive, but also from intransitive verbs: in these cases, it eliminates the indirect object. Thus, antipassive in ...
Added: November 1, 2022
Philadelphia, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021.
This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the morpho-syntactic and semantic aspects of the antipassive construction from synchronic, diachronic, and typological perspectives. The nineteen contributions assembled in this volume address a wide range of aspects pertinent to the antipassive construction, such as lexical semantics, the properties of the antipassive markers, as well as the issue ...
Added: November 1, 2022
Tyumeneva Y. A., Sudorgina Y., Kislyonkova A. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2022 No. 13 Article 942593
Measuring psychological attributes, such as motivation, typically involves rating scales, assuming that an attribute can be ordered, and that ratings represent this order. Previously, only the first assumption had been tested, albeit limited. First, we checked the ordinal structure of motivation, looking at whether people can establish transitive relations between motivation levels in pairwise comparisons; ...
Added: October 18, 2022
Grünthal R., Heyd V., Holopainen S. et al., Diachronica 2022 P. 1–35
The widespread Uralic family offers several advantages for tracing prehistory: a firm absolute chronological anchor point in an ancient contact episode with well-dated Indo-Iranian; other points of intersection or diagnostic non-intersection with early Indo-European (the Late Proto-Indo-European-speaking Yamnaya culture of the western steppe, the Afanasievo culture of the upper Yenisei, and the Fatyanovo culture of ...
Added: May 1, 2022
Grines V., Zhuzhoma E. V., M., Izhevsk: -, 2021.
This book is meant to be a graduate or undergraduate textbook and partly a monograph on the subject. The book summarizes the many years researches by the authors in Theory of Dynamical Systems. ...
Added: October 20, 2021
Tyumeneva Y. A., Vergeles K., Frontiers in Psychology 2021 No. 12 Article 632991
Measures of psychological attributes, such as motivation, typically involve rating scales, assuming that an attribute can be ordered. If an attribute has an ordinal structure, its levels stand in ordinal relations to one another, and these must be transitive. We tested if transitivity is preserved when people compare different motives in terms of their importance ...
Added: October 12, 2021
Tyumeneva Y. A., Вергелес К. П., Социологический журнал 2021 Т. 27 № 2 С. 8–24
Measurement in social sciences implies that the measured feature is quantitative, or
in other words that it is possible not only to arrange the values of any given attribute, but also
to express the difference between ordered magnitudes using a certain unit of measurement.
However the need to verify this basic assumption is often ignored. And though there ...
Added: August 8, 2021
Kulikov L., , in: The Indo-European Languages.: L.: Routledge, 2017. Ch. 6 P. 214–262.
This is a short overview of the linguistic features (phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon) of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, with a representative bibliography.
The Indo-Aryan languages (sometimes also referred to, misleadingly and not quite correctly, as Indic, with special focus on Sanskrit) represent the largest group of the ...
Added: October 18, 2020
Kulikov L., , in: The Indo-European Languages.: L.: Routledge, 2017. Ch. 5 P. 205–213.
THis is a short overview of the linguistic features of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, with a representative bibliography.
Indo-Iranian languages (another, outdated and quite misleading term is “Aryan”), which form a major branch of the Indo-European language family, are spoken by more than a billion of speakers occupying an immense territory from ...
Added: October 18, 2020
Kulikov L., Amsterdam: Rodopi Publishers, 2012.
This book is the first comprehensive study of the Vedic present formations with the suffix ‑ya‑ (‘‑ya-presents’ for short), including both present passives with the accented suffix ‑yá‑ and non-passive -ya-presents with the accent on the root (class IV in the Indian tradition). It offers a complete survey of all ‑ya-presents attested in the Vedic ...
Added: October 15, 2020
Kulikov L., В кн.: Mitrasampradānam.: СПб.: МАЭ РАН, 2018. С. 47–59.
Yama, Yamī and the Vedic particle ghā̆: on the interpretation of RV 10.10.10
In the present paper I argue that the traditional translation of the Vedic Sanskrit discourse particle ghā̆ as “perhaps, indeed, certainly”, etc., albeit acceptable for some of its occurrences, cannot explain a number of difficult passages from the R̥gveda, in particular, in the ...
Added: October 14, 2020