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Оценка апостериорного риска внезапной смерти на рабочем месте от болезней системы кровообращения
Introduction. The problem of sudden death in the workplace remains relevant and is part of the problem of a significant mortality rate of people of working age in the Russian Federation. There is no doubt that there is a need for further study of direct and indirect factors that reinforce negative trends.
Materials and methods. The research methods adopted in epidemiology and occupational medicine were chosen as the main ones. The analysis of deaths of employees of enterprises was carried out on the basis of the compilation of a retrospective cohort.
Results. The calculation of mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system per 10,000 employees showed that the first ranking place in the period from 2016 to 2018 in St. Petersburg was occupied by the following types of economic activity: administrative activity (6.05 cases); construction (4.23 cases); provision of electricity, gas and steam (3.63 cases); ground transportation transport (3.26 cases); financial and insurance activities (3.02 cases) and manufacturing (1.97 cases). It was found that the a posteriori risk of death from diseases of the circulatory system is 1.67 times higher for workers engaged in work with harmful working conditions. The analysis of deaths showed that the maximum level of risk for employees is registered at the age of 50 to 59 years, reaching values of 27.72 (11.33–67.81; p < 0.001). The study found that the organization of timely medical care in the conditions of health centers of industrial enterprises in the acute period of development of cardiovascular insufficiency will contribute to reducing mortality rates in the workplace by more than 3 times.
Limitations of the study. The study of the causes and indicators of 347 workplace deaths was carried out on the basis of official statistics provided by the State Labor Inspectorate in St. Petersburg and registered at industrial enterprises in the period from 2016 to 2018. The study does not include small and medium-sized businesses.
Conclusion. The results of the assessment of the risk of sudden death in the workplace at industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg indicate the need to improve the organization and procedure for the investigation, accounting and registration of such cases in order to establish causal relationships, reduce mortality rates.