Средневековые предпосылки научной революции XVII в.: Пьер Дюэм и Александр Койре о роли осуждения 1277 г. в возникновении современного естествознания

Вопросы истории естествознания и техники. 2012. № 1. С. 5–22.

Drozdova D.

Alexandre Koyré and Pierre Duhem developed contrasting arguments on the preconditions of the Scientifi c Revolution. Duhem saw the articles of condemnation of 1277 as the motivation for medieval scholars to reconsider Aristotles natural philosophy and to look for alternatives, such as impetus physics, which led toward later works by Galileo. Koyrй, however, rejected any contribution of the Paris condemnations to the development of modern science, and he offered a contrasting interpretation of the 13th-century texts that discussed the possible existence of empty space outside the World. The two radically different views on the progress of scientifi c knowledge represented by Duhem and Koyrй served as the point of departure for many subsequent investigations that provided modifi ed and compromise solutions to the problem of medieval contributions to the new European science.

Keywords: научная революция, Александр Койре, Пьер Дюэм, наука Нового времени, наука Средних веков, осуждения 1277 г., Генрих Гентский, Ричард Миддлтаунский, Вальтер Бурлей, Томас Брадвардин