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Add Bilingualism to the Mix: L2 Proficiency Modulates the Effect of Cognitive Reserve Proxies on Executive Performance in Healthy Aging
Frontiers in Psychology. 2022. Vol. 13. Article 780261.
We investigated the contribution of bilingual experience to the development of cognitive reserve (CR) when compared with other, traditionally more researched, CR proxies, in a sample of cognitively healthy senior (60 +) bilingual speakers. Participants performed in an online study where, in addition to a wide inventory of factors known to promote CR, we assessed several factors related to their second language (L2) use. In addition, participants’ inhibitory executive control was measured via the Flanker Task. We used Structural Equation Modeling to derive a latent composite measure of CR informed by traditional CR proxies (i.e., occupational complexity, marital status, current and retrospective socio-economic status, physical exercise, perceived positive support, maximal educational attainment, frequency of leisure activities and extent of social network). We examined whether bilingualism may act as a mediator of the effects of such proxies on cognitive performance therefore assessing the unique contribution of dual language use to CR. First, our analyses revealed facilitatory effects of both L2 age of acquisition and L2 proficiency on the executive performance. Second, our analyses confirmed the moderating role of bilingual experience on the relationship between other factors known to promote CR and cognitive integrity, revealing a strong contribution by bilingualism to CR development. Our findings provide further support to the notion that bilingualism plays an important role in mitigating cognitive decline and promoting successful aging.
Vorchik A., Вопросы экономики 2026
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 28, 2026
Давидович А. С., Shestakova A., Arzumanyan N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 - 2026 P. 1–18
Background:
Delay discounting refers to the tendency to choose sooner, smaller rewards over larger, later rewards. Many previous studies link this tendency positively to reward sensitivity, yet the specific mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. Reward sensitivity may relate to delay discounting through at least three possible pathways: increased sensitivity to reward size, increased sensitivity ...
Added: May 27, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Behavior Genetics 2026
Functional literacy—the ability to apply reading, mathematical, and scientific knowledge in authentic contexts as operationalized by the PISA framework—is a key predictor of educational attainment, labour-market outcomes, and economic growth. Despite extensive behavioral-genetic research on cognitive ability, the heritability of competency-based literacy measures remains largely unexamined, particularly outside Western populations. The present study addresses this ...
Added: May 26, 2026
Dorri Sedeh S., Kosonogov V., Kerimova N. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1710257
Introduction:
As cities continue to grow, access to natural environments is becoming more limited, contributing to increased stress levels in urban populations. Panoramic 360° videos provide a creative and scalable means of simulating natural environments, potentially reducing stress in city residents under controlled settings. Here, we examined whether short immersive experiences in different urban environments support ...
Added: May 25, 2026
Kochetkova Ekaterina, Kostanian D., Martynova O. et al., Brain Topography 2026 Vol. 39 No. 4 Article 51
Letter recognition is assumed to involve several levels of analysis, including coarse tuning for category and novelty and more fine tuning for specific features, related to letter orientation. We employed an oddball fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm with magnetoencephalography (Elekta VectorView, 306 sensors) to study neural discrimination responses in the source space. Using contrasts ...
Added: May 24, 2026
Zaikin A., Sviridov I., Sosedka A. et al., Technologies 2026 Vol. 14 No. 2 Article 84
High-dimensional tabular data are common in biomedical and clinical research, yet conventional machine learning methods often struggle in such settings due to data scarcity, feature redundancy, and limited generalization. In this study, we systematically evaluate Synolitic Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs), a framework that transforms high-dimensional samples into sample-specific graphs by training ensembles of low-dimensional pairwise ...
Added: May 23, 2026
Kadieva D., Blagoveshchensky E., Agranovich O. et al., Frontiers in Psychology 2026 Vol. 17 Article 1832623
Embodied and embedded cognition (EEC) theory proposes that language and cognitive development emerge from bodily interactions with the environment, yet empirical tests of this claim in clinical developmental populations remain rare. This mini-review synthesizes behavioral, electrophysiological, and structural neuroimaging evidence from children with serious early motor disorders—obstetric brachial plexus palsy and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita—which restrict ...
Added: May 20, 2026
Кияненко И. К., Клиническая и специальная психология 2026 Т. 15 № 1 С. 7–19
Context and relevance. The problem of the impact of urban stress factors on mental health is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of urbanization. Living in cities is accompanied by increased psychophysiological stress, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among urban residents. Objective. The purpose of the article is to ...
Added: May 19, 2026
Alenina E., Kristina Terenteva, Kosonogov V., Behavioral Sciences 2026 Vol. 16 No. 5 Article 806
Anxiety is a multidimensional construct that influences cognitive performance in complex ways, yet its factor structure and domain-specific effects remain unclear. This study examined (1) the psychometric structure of general and specific anxiety measures, (2) their associations with cognitive performance across different domains, and (3) the predictive power of machine learning models in classifying cognitive ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Росмэн-Пресс, 2026.
«Деньги. Энциклопедия российского школьника» кратко и емко расскажет:
· Чем в древности платили за товары
· Как выглядели первые деньги, из чего их делали и где хранили
· Как найти клад и можно ли выиграть в лотерею
· Как работает банк
· Как дети и подростки могут зарабатывать и распоряжаться личным бюджетом
· И еще сотни интересных научно-обоснованных фактов
Книга поможет мальчикам ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Андреева О. С., Просвещение, 2024.
В книге собраны рекомендации и практические советы приёмным родителям, с помощью которых можно сформировать у детей правильное отношение к денежным средствам, рассказывается, какими словами объяснять понятные взрослым истины относительно личных и семейных финансов ребёнку любого возраста. Одной из задач книги стала необходимость объяснения этого феномена — потребительского отношения приёмных детей к труду замещающих родителей, к ...
Added: May 18, 2026
Bobrova A., Poddiakov A., Aksiotis V., Вопросы психологии 2025 Т. 71 № 4 С. 96–106
In psychology, people's assessment of conditional statements "if--then", agreement and disagreement with them is actively studied. This assessment of people who are not specialists in the field of logic often differs greatly from its requirements, especially if the reality observed by a person to one degree or another contradicts a formally correct logical conclusion. In ...
Added: May 17, 2026
Kolachev N., Kovaleva G., Educational Research and Evaluation 2026 P. 1–24
This study investigates the psychometric structure and school-level associations between cognitive abilities of teachers and students. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, we administered a PISA-based cognitive assessment tool measuring reading, mathematics, science literacy, and global competence to 5,391 eighth-grade students and 2,385 teachers from 84 schools in a Russian region. Bifactor modeling, measurement invariance testing, ...
Added: May 15, 2026
Tikhonova N. E., Социологическая наука и социальная практика 2026 Т. 14 № 1 С. 81–107
Taking into account the relevance of the problem of euthanasia in the context of the
increase in severe cancer and genetic diseases, the article shows, based on the data of the Monitoring of the IS FCTAS RAS 2024 (N = 2000) and the World Values Survey (2006 and
2017–2022), that in their attitude towards euthanasia, Russians are divided ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Balashov D., Человек 2026 Т. 37 № 2 С. 135–150
One of the most discussed approaches to understanding morality in science and philosophy in recent years has been the social intuitionist model of morality by the American psychologist Jonathan Haidt. The author has created a complex concept consisting of several large parts logically connected to each other, each of which deserves special attention. The first ...
Added: May 13, 2026
Zamkovaya M., В кн.: Образовательное пространство в информационную эпоху: сборник научных трудов международной научно-практической конференции (2024 International conference «Education Environment for the Information Age» (EEIA– 2024)).: М.: ФГБУ «Российская академия образования», 2024. С. 648–651.
The article highlights the positive aspects of bilingualism and bilingual education in general, and describes the experience of introducing bilingual education in schools of the Republic of Serbia. The importance of bilingual education as a means of forming a multicultural and tolerant society is emphasized. A number of schools implementing educational programs with a bilingual ...
Added: March 14, 2026
Zamkovaya M., ЦИТИСЭ 2026 № 1(47) 2026 С. 463–472
The article examines bilingual education as a complex pedagogical phenomenon that affects not only students’ language training but also their cognitive, academic, and sociocultural development. Particular attention is paid to clarifying the essence of the content of the concept of “bilingualism” in the context of the modern educational process, as well as to the analysis of the positive effects ...
Added: March 14, 2026
Karliukova A., Malyshevskaya A., Shtyrov Y. et al., , in: Abstracts and authors of the 9th International Conference on Spatial Cognition: Segmentation and Binding in Spatial Cognition (ICSC 2024)Vol. 25: Segmentation and Binding in Spatial Cognition (ICSC 2024).: Springer, 2024.
Existing research indicates involvement of brain systems underpinning spatial abilities in processing emotive semantics in L1: positive emotions are associated with the right part of space, negative ones with the left. Some suggest similar sensorimotor activations in L1 and L2. Others indicate attenuated processing of L2 emotional words. Aims: We investigated differences in sensorimotor biases ...
Added: February 21, 2026
Gallo F., Voits T., Rothman J. et al., eNeuro 2025 Vol. 12 No. 6 Article ENEURO.0128-25.2025
Models of experience-dependent neuroplasticity predict that the acquisition and extensive use of a new skill trigger a nonlinear trajectory of neurostructural modifications, where initial expansion of relevant brain areas subsequently (once the skill is acquired) gives way to volumetric renormalization. Such predictions also apply in the domain of language during learning and/or simultaneous management of ...
Added: December 12, 2025
Federico Gallo, Jubin Abutalebi, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2024 Vol. 27 No. 2 P. 287–294
The umbrella term cognitive reserve-enhancing factors refers to those experiential and lifestyle factors (such as intellectual activities, regular physical exercise, healthy nutrition, educational attainment, etc.) that may help individuals to compensate for age-related neural deterioration, thus enabling them to maintain relatively stable cognitive functioning during senescence. In the last 10 years, mounting evidence has shown ...
Added: December 12, 2025
Terekhina L., Gallo F., Myachykov A. et al., Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 2025 P. 1–11
We investigated the interactive effects of bilingualism and sleep on executive functioning at the behavioral level. We conducted two experiments using two independent samples of bilingual young adults, the Flanker task to assess executive performance, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to measure retrospective sleep quality over a one-month period and the Insomnia Severity Index to ...
Added: December 11, 2025
Yakovleva A., Kosheliuk N., Moroz G., International Journal of Bilingualism 2025 P. 1–19
Aims and Research Questions: In this paper, we present a corpus-based study of preposition drop (p-drop) in the speech of Mari-Russian and Beserman-Russian bilinguals compared to the speech of Russian monolinguals. Based on data from spoken corpora, we demonstrate that the prepositions v ‘in’, k ‘to’, s ‘with’ are omitted in the speech of bilinguals ...
Added: November 26, 2025
Корженевская А. Ю., Гумова Н. Д., Ханова А. Ф. et al., Вестник Томского государственного университета 2025 № 512 С. 22–28
Research addressing the imbalance between aural and written modalities has suggested that consistent language practice involving reading and writing activities enhances lexical access through that specific modality. In individuals with well-developed reading skills, word meaning is accessed through the parallel activation of orthographic and phonological lexicons. Conversely, in individuals with poor reading skills, the orthographic ...
Added: September 5, 2025
Khachaturyan M., Konoshenko M., Moroz G. et al., , in: N’yng-dyuumgu, n’yng-ngafq: Festschrift for Ekaterina GruzdevaVol. 126.: Helsinki: Studia Orientalia, 2025. P. 35–59.
This paper explores a corpus of spontaneous narratives and narrative retellings told by children and adults in Mano and Kpelle, two contacting Mande languages. It focuses on quotative constructions as a key point of grammatical dissimilarity between Mano and Kpelle. In the Mano speech of some bilingual children, however, these constructions are found to manifest ...
Added: September 5, 2025