СОЗДАВАЯ ОБРАЗ ВИЗАНТИИ: Д. И. ГРИММ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВИЗАНТИЙСКОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ

Новое искусствознание. История, теория и философия искусства. 2021. № 3. С. 33–42.

Linkova K.

In Russian architecture, the Neo-Byzantine style appeared in the second half of the 19th century as one of the variants of Revivalism. This style was supposed to show religious succession from the Byzantine to Russian Empire. The style was based on the interpretation of the forms of Byzantine architecture, in the 1860s, the former became more accurate. David Grimm was one of the architects that encouraged this change. Nevertheless, in the 1850s–1860s, when Grimm started his architectural practice, Byzantine studies were only at the very early stage of their evolution. In Byzantine studies, Imperial Russian Archaeological Society (founded in 1846) considered mostly Numismatics and Epigraphy. As regards European Byzantinology, only two academic publications appeared during that period: by W. Salzenberg (1854) and Ch. Texier (1864). Therefore, Grimm took most of the detailed information on Byzantine architecture from his own trips. At the same time, territories of the Caucasus region provided valuable material for understanding Byzantine influences on the regional architecture. Prince G. Gagarin and an architect P. Norev, who were working in the area, had an opportunity to examine these interrelationships. However, Grimm was the first to publish an academic research on the subject (Monuments of Byzantine architecture in Georgia and Armenia, 1859). Churches, built by Grimm, were the indicator of his view of the Byzantine Empire. The author reconstructed the image of Neo-Byzantine architecture in the 19th century by analysing Byzantine patterns, used by Grimm in his architectural work and lately developed in further architecture.

Keywords: историзм, David Grimm, Д.И. Гримм, Russian architecture of the second half of the 19th century, Neo-Byzantine style, Revivalism, русская архитектура второй половины XIX в., византийский стиль