Конструирование образа города в учебниках по родиноведению (1870-е —1910-е годы)

Отечественная и зарубежная педагогика. 2021. Т. 1. № 2. С. 112–129.

Stepanov B.

Representation of the city in textbooks has only recently become a focus of analysis for historians of education. Studying the development of education in Russia in the late imperial era, it seems important to turn to the analysis of such a subject as local lore studies (rodinovedenie), which task was to translate geographical ideas within the primary schools. M. Loskutova, M. Leskinen and other researchers argued that local lore studies played an important
role in changing of formation of spatial notions and civic identity. The aim of this paper is to explore the image of the city in the textbooks on local lore studies, published in the late 19th — early 20th centuries in different regions of the Russian Empire. The specificity of the proposed approach is to combine the focus on the analysis of the representation of the city with closer attention to the textbooks, the indications of the motives and circumstances of
their publication and the expected audience. One of the main conclusions of the undertaken research concerning the influence of the development of zemstvo statistics on these manuals. While contributing to the emergence of provincial centers on the symbolic map of the empire, it also created barriers to the vivid representation of geographical knowledge and, in particular, knowledge of the city in the framework of school courses. It also led to the fact that cities were represented as a kind of superstructure that resulted in the development of productive forces and the social sphere. Along with the dominant type of manuals, devoted to the description of whole provinces, the paper explores a less common type of manuals of local lore studies, connected with the representation of individual cities. This type of manuals represents a more consistent implementation of the principle of localization and is closer to the portrayal of the city as an independent whole.

Keywords: статистика, statistics, география, urban studies, локализация, учебники, город, geography, textbooks, city, начальное образование, краеведение, губерния, городские исследования, localization, primary education, province, local lore, родиноведение