Person in Morphology

Ch. 9. P. 91–133.

Daniel M.

The category of person is a linguistic expression of reference to a role in a speech act, including the speaker, the addressee, or a combination thereof. The values of the person category commonly, if not universally, include the opposition of first person (reference to the speaker) versus second person (reference to the addressee). Reference to neither the speaker nor the addressee is commonly—though not always—considered to be the third value of the category, third person. This article is an overview of person indexation on the verb and in possessive constructions, interaction of the category of person with other categories such as number and moods, the issue of person hierarchies as reflected in the categories of clusivity and direct-inverse systems, and some topics in the pragmatics of person. The discussion includes some topics disregarded or less touched upon in other surveys of the category of person, such as a discussion of the person relationship to commands (imperative paradigms) or logophoricity. The main focus is on the morphology of person, and other aspects of personal reference are discussed with respect to how they are expressed or differentiated by morphological material. On the other hand, personal reference in grammar and lexicon show strong affinity, making it both difficult and unnecessary to separate independent personal pronouns from person affixes in a typological perspective. In this sense, person-related lexicon and inflectional morphology are treated together.

Keywords: иерархические системы, person, imperative, императив, лицо, число, логофоричность, number, Indexing, logophoricity, linguistic politeness, clusivity, inverse, egophoricity, индексирование, клюзивность, эгофоричность

Publication based on the results of: Processes of convergence as a factor of language evolution (2020)

In book

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Morphology

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.