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Человеческий капитал российских рабочих: состояние, динамика, факторы
The article shows that the educational level of Russian workers is quite high though the overwhelming majority of them do not have professional education for their job or education in adjacent areas (except for training directly at a workplace). Moreover, they do not seek professional training and do not attempt to receive it in any way. It is shown that all these features have intensified in recent years. The key factors for these negative developments are institutional, primarily - insignificance at the national scale of the duration of workers’ training or level of professionalism for the level of their wages. Only high education has a positive impact on workers’ wage rate – it serves for the employer as a marker of their socialization level, because obtained specialty during education does not correspond to a profile of their job for the large majority of them. The fall of the value of professionalism and the deprofessionalization not only of workers but also of other Russian employees, which is actively developing now in Russia under the slogans of transition to competency-based approach, leads to the gradual loss of professionalism values in national production culture. However, it would be incorrect to see the situation developing in the field of the human capital of workers only in black color, since a third of them have the pronounced ability for training and retraining, and under competent public policy this part of workers are capable to act as a cadre reserve for country's technological breakthrough.