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Прикладные аспекты адаптации к изменениям климата в России
The purpose of the article was to describe the directions of methodological developments in Russia in terms of adaptation, which are necessary to justify adaptation measures (including priority for their implementation) and to develop the National reporting system in the field of adaptation in accordance with the commitments under the Paris Agreement. The conceptual framework for the processes of adaptation of natural and socio-economic systems to climate change is presented. The definitions of terms used in special reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of 2018-2019 are considered and exemplified. The situation with provision of adaptation measures in Russia in connection with accession to the Paris Agreement is described. The perspectives of the National Adaptation Plan have been analyzed. A minimum data set to monitor adaptation and assess its effectiveness at the country level is presented. Suggestions are made for organizing Russia's national reporting on adaptation for the bodies of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN FCCC). Roshydromet and its scientific institutions, as well as institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, should be involved in identifying of climate originated threats and producing climate projections and assessment of the status of adaptation targets. The development, integration and implementation of adaptation measures is the responsibility of the Federal Executive Authorities. In order to organize the adaptation process at the level of the region or industry, it is advisable to produce passports for their climate safety, which would describe the main climate threats, provide a list of priority targets for adaptation, assess their exposure to threats and vulnerability. Information flows must be bidirectional for reporting optimization purposes. According to the results of the year, it is advisable for Roshydromet to send to the responsible implementing agencies in the sectors of the economy and constituent entities of the Russian Federation information on climatogenic threats/impacts on their territory or on objects under their jurisdiction. Responsible agents assess exposure, vulnerability and report the results to the National Adaptation Centre, which combines the reports received and prepares the National data reporting under the Paris Agreement.