Кооперативы и новая институциональная экономическая теория

Журнал институциональных исследований. 2019. Т. 11. № 3. С. 84–103.

Kotliarov I. D.

The goal of the present paper is to analyze hybrids (introduced within the New Institutional
Economics) through the lenses of cooperative theory. The logical basis of this approach is provided
by the fact that cooperatives are hybrids and that there have already been attempts at analyzing
hybrids as cooperatives. It is demonstrated that these attempts lacked methodological support.
Analysis of the activity of cooperatives demonstrated that cooperatives can be formed within
active (in this case formation of the cooperative is initiated by its future members) and passive
(cooperative is formed by an external structure) approach. Cooperation between members can be
explicit or implicit. It helped to divide cooperatives into four groups (on the basis of the criteria
of combination of way of formation and model of cooperation). The notion of induced cooperative
was introduced. Induced cooperative is a cooperative formed by an external coordinator, based
on implicit cooperation and oriented towards interests of its members. Advantages of induced
cooperatives in comparison with classic cooperatives were described. This analysis allowed
to identify sharing platforms and franchising networks as cooperatives. Differences between
franchising networks and traditional cooperatives were described. The paper demonstrates that
this division into four groups is applicable to hybrids in general.

Keywords: франчайзинг, новая институциональная экономическая теория, franchising, hybrids, гибриды, cooperatives, кооперативы, платформы, new institutional economics, theory of cooperation, platforms, теория кооперации