ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАТУС: СГЛАЖИВАНИЕ НЕРАВЕНСТВА СРЕДИ МУЖЧИН И ЖЕНЩИН В РОССИИ

Социологические исследования. 2020. № 3. С. 108–120.

Karmaeva N., Khavenson T., Илиева-Тричкова П.

As the situation in education and labour market is changing in Russia, characterized by
the expansion of services sectors and high participation in higher education, the mechanisms of social
inequality reproduction are evolving. According to the intersectionality theory, social advantages and
disadvantages are reproduced at the intersection of various social categories – social class, gender and
others. In the paper, the outcomes of individuals in education and in the labour market representing
three cohorts, born in 1954–1964, 1965–1975 and 1976–1986, were analyzed. Using the data provided
by the European Social Survey, rounds 3–6 and 8, the hypotheses about the presence of cumulative
effect from the intersection of gender and social class were tested. The results partially confirm the
formulated hypotheses in case of achieved socio-professional status, but not in case of achieved higher
education. 1) Women have more chances than men to obtain higher education; 2) women from families
where fathers were workers have more chances than men from such families to move to the group
“lower services class”. The latter positive effect is observed in case social class is specified based on
mother’s profession, however, it is not significant. Therefore, women are likely to benefit the most from
the recent changes in education and the labour market, compared to men. However, women are likely
to find themselves in the less prestigious and less paid segments of the services sector, despite the fact
that their jobs require more skills.

Keywords: социальное неравенство, образовательные достижения, постсоветская трансформация, Европейское социальное исследование, social inequality, post-soviet transformation, социально-профессиональный статус, European Social Survey (ESS), intersectionality theory, educational achievements, теория интерсекциональности, socio-professional status