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July 2, 2026
Researchers Discover How Spelling Errors Slow Down Reading in Russian
Psycholinguists from the Centre for Language and Brain at HSE University–St Petersburg have shown that words that are frequently misspelled are processed more slowly by readers, even when presented with the correct spelling. The researchers confirmed this effect for the first time using Russian-language materials and found that response speed is most strongly linked to how confidently individuals can distinguish the correct spelling of a word from an incorrect one. The study has been published in The Mental Lexicon.
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A rise of state activism in a competitive industry: The case of Russian retail trade law of 2009

Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 2018. Vol. 51. No. 1. P. 27–37.
Radaev V.

The paper is aimed at exploring the Russian state return to the highly competitive industry of retail trade by adopting restrictive industry-specific legislation in 2009. We reveal a new precedent model of governance using the liberal rhetoric of the competition protection to justify intervention in interfirm contractual relations. We use survey data collected from 843 retailers and suppliers in 2013 to demonstrate that the new legislation had not achieved the proclaimed goals. The paper concludes that instead of market facilitation, the new state activism leads to the further suppression of business and the subversion of antimonopoly policy.

Research target: Political Science, International Relations, and Public Administration Sociology (including Demography and Anthropology
Priority areas: sociology
Language: English
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DOI
Text on another site
Keywords: розничная торговляантимонопольная политикаРоссияRussiaretail tradeмодель управлениягосударственное вмешательствоstate interventionsGovernance modelAntimonopoly policy
Publication based on the results of:
­­­Studies in economic sociology of social stability in crisis times (2017)
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