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July 6, 2026
Ancient Craniiform Brachiopod: A Newly Discovered Species with a Unique Shell Shape and Lifestyle
Scientists from HSE University, MSU, and Tallinn University of Technology have studied a fossil species of ancient brachiopods that lived in a warm sea in what is now northern Estonia more than 445 million years ago. These ancient brachiopods developed a cup-shaped shell with a protective 'cap' that shielded them from overgrowth by other marine organisms. The study has been published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
July 2, 2026
Researchers Discover How Spelling Errors Slow Down Reading in Russian
Psycholinguists from the Centre for Language and Brain at HSE University–St Petersburg have shown that words that are frequently misspelled are processed more slowly by readers, even when presented with the correct spelling. The researchers confirmed this effect for the first time using Russian-language materials and found that response speed is most strongly linked to how confidently individuals can distinguish the correct spelling of a word from an incorrect one. The study has been published in The Mental Lexicon.
July 2, 2026
HSE Develops App for Assessing Phonological Processing in Children
Researchers at the HSE Centre for Language and Brain have developed a new digital tool for assessing children's phonological processing skills—the ZARYA (Sound Analysis of the Russian Language) test battery. It is the first standardised application in Russia designed to provide a fast and reliable assessment of children's ability to distinguish speech sounds, retain them in working memory, and perform phonemic analysis. The app runs on Android tablets and smartphones and is available for download from RuStore. Details of the test validation have been published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.

 

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Was the transformative occupation of Iraq lawful?

ITPCM International Commentary. 2013. Vol. IX. No. 33. P. 29–32.
Continiello Neri M. S.

This article is aimed at assessing the legitimacy of Iraqi "transformative occupation" led by the US and the UN in 2003-2004.

IN IRAQ, bETWEEN 2003 AND 2011, THE ClASSICAl MODEl Of OCCUPATIOBELLICA GAvE WAY TO THE SO-CAllED TRANSfORMATIvE OCCuPATION.IMPACTING ExTENSIvElY THE CulTuRAl AND lEGAl fRAMEWORK OfTHE OCCuPIED TERRITORIES, THIS NEW CONfIGuRATION CHAllENGESINTERNATIONAl lAW IN MANY REGARDS.

Priority areas: law humanitarian
Language: English
Text on another site
Keywords: international humanitarian lawinternational lawmilitary occupationinternational human rights law
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