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Metal Nanowires - New Type of Nanomaterial: Fabrication by Matrix Synthesis Technique and Investigation of Structure and Properties
Ensembles of Nanowires (NW) of iron group metals-pure metals (Fe, Ni and Co) and their alloys (Fe-Ni, Fe-Co) were obtained using matrix synthesis technique based on polymer track matrixes. Compositions of electrolytes were chosen – the salt of one corresponding metal (in the first case) and two salts (for second case). The galvanic process was investigated and it was found that it consists of different stages. Deposition of metal inside the pores has non-linear character due to diffusion limitation. The specific features of the next part (formation and growing of the “caps”) was also studied. Electron microscopy, X-rays analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic hysteresis were applied to investigate the dependence of structure and magnetic properties of the NW on electrodeposition conditions. It was found that the composition of two-component NWs differs from the composition of electrolyte and different at different parts of NW. Mössbauer spectroscopy gave possibility to estimate hyperfine parameters for Fe-Co NWs. For Fe-Ni NWs it was supposed that the spectra could be presented as superposition of at least three magnetic sextets with hyperfine parameters Bhf 27-33 T. It was shown that Fe-Co samples have “hard magnetic” properties, while Fe-Ni samples have “soft magnetic” parameters. The dependence of these parameters on the synthesis was demonstrated.