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Ontological confusion reconsidered: Introducing the new Ontological Confusion Scale
Applied Cognitive Psychology. 2025. Vol. 39. No. 6. Article e70150.
Ontological confusion refers to a cognitive error involving the misclassification of entities across distinct ontological domains—physical, biological, mental, and moral. While previous research links it to paranormal and pseudoscientific beliefs, existing measures—most notably the Core Knowledge Confusions (CKC) scale—suffer from conceptual ambiguity and cultural limitations. This paper introduces the Ontological Confusion Scale (OCS), designed to address these issues by evaluating seven types of ontological misclassification. Across two studies (N = 354 and N = 550), OCS demonstrates a robust unidimensional structure, high internal consistency, and strong convergent and discriminant validity. The scale predicts a range of unfounded beliefs, while outperforming CKC and belief in a just world in explaining unique variance. These findings support a broader view of ontological confusion as a general cognitive tendency underlying intuitive but erroneous reasoning across domains. OCS provides a reliable, culturally adaptable tool for research on belief formation and epistemic vulnerability.
Merzenina A., Логос 2026 Т. 35 № 2 С. 73–102
The article examines the functioning of digital communication in the era of semiocapitalism (F. Berardi) and hyperrealism (J. Baudrillard), as well as its influence on the psycho-social situation of the modern subject (based on the psychoanalysis of J. Lacan). Obsessive neurosis, aggressiveness and depression are considered by the author not only as the dominant mental ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Кириллова Ю. В., Лебедева Е. И., Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology 2025 Vol. 14 No. 3 P. 8–19
Context and relevance. The study of adaptive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is criti
cally important for identifying factors that influence their successful long-term adaptation in society. The theoretical
basis of the study encompasses key cognitive constructs, including metacognitive knowledge about one’s own mental
states (theory of mind) and metacognitive control processes (executive functions). Objective. ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Лебедева Е. И., Мир психологии. Научно-методический журнал 2026 № 1 (124) С. 182–196
Целью исследования стало изучение возрастных и половых различий
взаимосвязи социометрических индексов принятия сверстниками и воспринимаемой
популярности у детей младшего школьного и младшего подросткового возрастов. Ре
зультаты показали, что популярность в группе сверстников у младших школьников и
младших подростков определяется как принятием, так и частотой проявления агрес
сивного поведения, в то время как важными факторами принятия становятся частота
проявления просоциального поведения и ...
Added: September 21, 2026
Merzenina A., Социологическое обозрение 2026 Т. 25 № 2 С. 206–242
This article examines the transformation of political theology, or political ontotheology, in the era of late capitalism. The author first analyzes the specifics of nihilism as interpreted by Nietzsche and Heidegger, then moves on to a consideration of epistemological, ethical, and political relativism, the general essence of which consists of a nihilistic rejection of a ...
Added: September 20, 2026
Салихова А. А., Polikanova I., Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14: Психология 2026 Т. 49 № 3 С. 9–34
Background. An adaptive attitude toward uncertainty may facilitate goals achievement, however, there is a lack of scientific research on this issue among extreme sport athletes. Sports tourism (ST) is a promising area for investigation of the psychological mechanisms underlying adaptation to extreme stressful environments. Objective. The goal is to establish the connection between tolerance for uncertainty, route experience, autonomy skills, and ...
Added: September 18, 2026
Сизикова Т. Э., Леонов С. В., Polikanova I., Сибирский психологический журнал 2026 № 101 С. 127–145
This work aims to investigate the impact of a transformational psychological game on changes in psychological parameters of coping behavior and to identify electrophysiological correlates, taking into account the age characteristics of the subjects. The intervention was carried out using the transformational psychological game "Shambhala – 5" (by T.E. Sizikova). The article analyzes psychologist views on transformation, ...
Added: September 18, 2026
Monahhova E., Morozova A., Gorodnicheva Y. et al., Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2026 No. 20 Article 1867901
Inroduction:
Source credibility is fundamental to how medical information is processed,yet the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated how two credibility cues — a doctor’s expertise (years of work experience) and aggregate patient ratings (star ratings) — modulate brain responses to veracity cues (‘True’ vs. ‘False’) presented after health- related headlines.
Methods:
We recorded EEG from ...
Added: September 18, 2026
Шиповалова Л. В., Социология власти 2026 Vol. 38 No. 1 P. 224–243
This article examines the integration of large language model based chatbots into educational practices in Russian higher education through the lens of critical theory and curriculum ideologies. Drawing on Ivan Illich’s concept of convivial tools and Jürgen Habermas’s distinction between instrumental and communicative rationality, the authors conceptualize large language models as technologies capable of operating ...
Added: September 18, 2026
Papageorgiou K., Лиханов М. В., Li J. et al., Personality and Individual Differences 2026 Vol. Volume 263 Article 114019
Multivariate approaches are needed to gain a better understanding of the positive and negative impacts of Dark Triad traits within personality networks under different socio-cultural and personal conditions. In three independent studies in two countries (total N of participants = 4700), we applied network analyses and structural equation modeling to investigate the network of personality (Dark Triad ...
Added: September 18, 2026
Tatarko A., Организационная психология 2026 Т. 16 № 2 С. 9–44
Цель. Цель статьи состояла в разработке новой концептуальной модели метамотивационных оснований существования социальных групп, которая позволила бы
объяснить их устойчивость, целенаправленное функционирование и формирование коллективной идентичности. Автор стремился выявить и систематизировать ключевые элементы,
придающие смысл и стратегическое направление групповому существованию. Подход. Работа
основана на синтезе концепций мотивации А. Маслоу, культурно-исторического подхода (Л.
С. Выготский, А. Н. Леонтьев), теории ценностей ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Жигунов А. Ю., Patria 2026 Т. 3 № 3 С. 12–28
The study is devoted to the identification of the specifics of humanism and mercy as
traditional spiritual and moral values of modern Russia. The special role of these axiological
attitudes, frankly virtuous nature suggests their dominant position. Avoiding discussion about
the interpretation of these categories, an attempt is made to identify the implementation of
virtuous actions, which can be ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Zhukova O., Вопросы философии (Российская Федерация) 2026 № 8 С. 51–64
The article is a critical and philosophical analysis of a new book by the Russian philosopher and political scientist Aleksei A. Kara-Murza. His fundamental work “Selected Works on Russian Philosophy, Politics and Culture” (2024) contains articles in the field of philosophy of Russian history, completed by the author over the course of ten years. Essays, ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Anton Rogachev, Logvinenko T., Rebreikina A. et al., Cognitive Science 2026 Vol. 50 No. 9 Article 70263
In a recent Letter to the Editor in Cognitive Science, Németh et al. (2026) published a critical commentary in response to our experimental article on the study of visual statistical learning (visual SL) in children aged 3–9 years. The authors present three critical points regarding (1) the inaccurate interpretation of the results of their article, (2) ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Anton Rogachev, Sysoeva O., Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2025 Vol. 19 Article 1658243
Added: September 17, 2026
Anton Rogachev, Logvinenko T., Rebreikina A. et al., Cognitive Science 2025 Vol. 49 No. 10 Article e70130
Visual statistical learning (visual SL) is the ability to implicitly extract statistical patterns from visual stimuli. Visual SL could be assessed using online measures, evaluating reaction times (RTs) to stimuli during task performance, and offline measures, which assess recognition of the presented patterns. We examined 96 children aged 3−9 years using a visual SL task ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Rogachev A.O., Sysoeva O. V., Cognitive Systems Research 2024 Vol. 86 Article 101236
Receptive speech is the ability to understand speech addressed to a person. It is a crucial process for a child’s cognitive development. We examine the relationship between receptive speech and neural tracking of natural speech in 52 children aged 3–8 years to infer the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying speech development. We registered a 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Моисеев Г. В., Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке 2026 № 2 (76) С. 58–68
The article presents a philosophical analysis of the transformation of labor in the context of the spread of AI technologies. Criticizing the notion of AI as an autonomous and neutral technology leading to the replacement of human labor, the author proposes to analyze the social consequences of AI development within the framework of automation processes ...
Added: September 17, 2026
Gallyamova A., Komyaginskaya E., Grigoryev D., Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2026 Vol. 67 No. 4 P. 1119–1141
Introduction: This study tests the dimensionality hypothesis, according to which diverse epistemically unfounded beliefs share a single underlying liability in addition to domain-specific components. We focus on conspiracy, paranormal, pseudoscientific, religious, and pseudo-profound (“bullshit”) beliefs and examine whether their covariance structure is best captured by a common factor plus residual domain-specific factors.
Methods: Using a nationally representative Russian ...
Added: March 16, 2026
Микляева А. В., Samoilov O., Социальная психология и общество 2024 Т. 15 № 4 С. 154–171
Objective. The analysis of social beliefs and the foundations for moral choice as predictors of the civic identity of adolescents. Background. Despite the expressed interest of researchers in the patterns of formation of civic identity in adolescence, at this stage there is no unambiguous data on the influence of social beliefs and foundations for moral ...
Added: February 4, 2026
Toribio-Florez D., Altenmüller M., Douglas K. et al., European Journal of Social Psychology 2025 Vol. 55 No. 7 P. 1252–1269
Conspiracy beliefs have been linked to perceptions of collective victimhood. We adopt an individual perspective on victimhood by investigating the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and the individual disposition to perceive and react to injustice as a victim (i.e., victim justice sensitivity; VJS). Data from two German samples (Ns = 370,373) indicated a positive association between ...
Added: June 23, 2025
Maksimenko A., Загладина А. Р., Дейнека О. С., Психология и право 2025 Т. 15 № 3 С. 224–239
Context and relevance. In the context of the persistent spread of corrupt practices, which pose a threat both to the functioning of state institutions and to public trust, there is an increasing need to analyze not only institutional, legal, and economic, but also psychological factors that contribute to their reproduction. In recent years, growing attention in ...
Added: October 2, 2024
Gallyamova A., Komyaginskaya E., Grigoryev D., Personality and Individual Differences 2024 Vol. 230 Article 112780
This meta-analysis examines the relationship between paranormal beliefs and Core Knowledge Confusions (CKC), a concept introduced by Lindeman and Aarnio (2007) to explore the link between ontological errors and belief in the paranormal. The CKC, which uses metaphor classification to assess ontological confusion, suggests that cognitive processes organize information into ontologies, and our interpretation of ...
Added: June 24, 2024
Grigoryev D., Gallyamova A., The Spanish Journal of Psychology 2023 Vol. 26 P. 1–14
Even though wide access to any warranted information in the modern age, the problem of unfounded belief is still relevant, since these beliefs often lead to negative consequences (e.g., vaccination refusal, homeopathic treatment, etc.). The aim of this study was testing the relationship of social worldviews with paranormal beliefs and conspiracy beliefs. We assumed dimensionality ...
Added: April 18, 2023
Vereshchagina N., Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Культура, история, философия, право 2018 № 1 С. 11–18
The article covers the methods of making extraterrestrial images. The image of an alien was formed in the XIX century which is proved by the evolution of Sci-Fi stories, references to the contacts with the forms of alien life in media and the first scientific projects of communication with extraterrestrial intelligence (Johann C.F. Gauss, Joseph ...
Added: September 21, 2022