On coupvolution: A type of revolutionary episodes in the modern West African context

Critical Sociology. 2025. P. 1–20.

Korotayev A., Egor Fain, Julia Zinkina, Issaev L.

The theory of revolutions has faced major challenges, one of the most important being how to conceptualize revolutions. The theory currently needs novel foci. One potential novel concept is “coupvolution,” which can be defined as a type of revolutionary events with elements of both a coup and a revolution. We highlight the importance of a recent failed coupvolution in Nigeria. We examine Mark Beissinger’s conceptualization of coupvolution, and propose identifying two distinct types of coupvolution based on the sequence of phases: (1) mass revolutionary mobilization aimed at overthrowing the government and triggering a military coup in support of the revolution; and (2) revolutionary seizure of power through a military coup followed by mass mobilization and attempts at revolutionary transformations. We demonstrate that many West African states have a deep tradition of coupvolutions, and that the failed coupvolution in Nigeria echoes the recent wave of coupvolutions in West Africa.

Keywords: revolution, mass protests, Nigeria, mass mobilization, neocolonialism, coupvolution, military coup, West Africa

Publication based on the results of: State Resilience and National Security of Russia in the Context of the World Order Transformation (2025)