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Professional and Business Associations
In this entry, the origins of associations as a concept and its particular type – professional and business associations – are discussed. The development of this type of associations in various national contexts is then discussed as highlighted in the research literature. An overview is provided of three central functions that professional and business associations simultaneously perform – advocacy, service delivery and community building – for making a meaningful contribution to public management, market and society. As researchers and practitioners have struggled with a complex nature of activities performed by associations, recognition has emerged that professional and business associations serve as a viable societal infrastructure necessary for sustainable development.