Яса Чингис-хана и шариат в тюрко-монгольских государствах XIII — начала XVI века

Magistra Vitae: электронный журнал по историческим наукам и археологии. 2023. № 2. С. 45–54.

Pochekaev R. Y.

The article analyses the role and signifi cance of the Great Yasa, i. e. regulations established by Chinggis Khan in his descendants’ states which appeared after the disintegration of the Mongol Empire in the second half of the 13th century and, nevertheless, made a claim for the imperial heritage. The work also examines the correlation of the Yasa and Sharia in those Tirkic-Mongol states where Islam was adopted as an offi cial religion. The analysis is fulfi lled on a base of historical sources, i. e. offi cial documents, contemporary evidence, historical chronicles as well as the previous researches. The author fi nds that for a long time the Mongol imperial law (symbolized by the Yasa) and Sharia were not antagonistic legal systems but complementary ones as they regulated different areas of © Почекаев Р. Ю., 2023 45 Почекаев Р. Ю. legal relations. Only after the crisis of the Chinggisid statehood at the turn of 15th–16th centuries Sharia replaced the Yasa in the law enforcement.

Keywords: Золотая Орда, Golden Horde, традиционное право, Монгольская империя, Imperial legislation, имперское законодательство, Mongol Empire, Great Yasa, Великая Яса, shariat, шариат, traditional law, Chagatai Ulus, Чагатайский улус, Mongol Iran, монгольский Иран