Роль самоэффективности, воспринимаемой угрозы и воспринимаемой дискриминации как факторов адаптации русских в Эстонии и Казахстане

Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика. 2024. Т. 21. № 2. С. 445–465.

Rodionov G.

This study aims to analyze self-efficacy, perceived threat, and discrimination as factors influencing the adaptation of Russian ethnic minorities in Estonia and Kazakhstan. In accordance with Stefan's theory, three types of perceived threat are considered: economic, cultural, and physical. The sample includes 272 Russians living in Estonia and 200 Russians from Kazakhstan. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS v.27 was used to study the data. The results showed that cultural threat among Russians in Estonia has a negative correlation with life satisfaction and self-esteem. A negative correlation was also found between cultural threat and integration and assimilation, and a positive correlation with separation among Russians in Estonia. Economic threat is positively associated with the strategy of separation and negatively associated with the strategy of integration among Russians in Kazakhstan. Self-efficacy, in turn, positively correlates with life satisfaction and self-esteem, and is also a factor contributing to the choice of integration and adaptation strategies among Russians in Kazakhstan. The results of this study show the importance of such a personal factor as self-efficacy, along with perceived threats, in the context of the adaptation of ethnic minorities in the host society.

Keywords: Казахстан, самоэффективность, Kazakhstan, аккультурационные стратегии, Estonia, Эстония, acculturation strategies, perceived threat/discrimination, воспринимаемая угроза/дискриминация, self-efficacy, русское этническое меньшинство, Russian ethnic minority