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Механизмы и детерминанты лидерства стран Испаноамерики: сравнительный анализ траектории развития
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors and mechanisms that have influenced the development of leading Spanish-speaking Latin American countries over the period 1990–2023, with particular attention to the impact of global economic and political dynamics. The period is determined by availability of the largest amount of data on the analysed factors. The study examines the development trajectories of five core regional actors that exhibit sustained economic growth, political influence, demographic significance, and an active role in international affairs. The sample of the research includes Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Peru based on GDP per capita, PPP indicator. Through a mixed-methods approach, the authors identify key determinants shaping the potential of these countries to maintain and strengthen their leadership positions within the region. It can be seen in different areas, including education in Argentina, innovation and technology in Mexico, military strength in Colombia, and competitiveness in Chile. Each of the indicators is characterised by diverging trends, interconnected with the regional and global events. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the structural conditions underpinning regional leadership and may serve as a foundation for designing strategic frameworks aimed at promoting long-term, sustainable development and enhancing the global standing of Hispano-American states.