Совпадение кредитора и должника: корреляция между конфузией, прекращением обязательства и удовлетворением кредиторского интереса (начало)

Вестник гражданского права. 2025. Т. 25. № 6. С. 116–165.

Borja S.

The prevailing view in the doctrine considers the merger of the creditor and debtor as a cause of extinguishment of obligations, raising the question of its impact on the creditor’s interest. However, legal scholars who follow this view have failed to provide a comprehensive answer to it, despite their numerous attempts over many years. In this regard, the author revises the prevailing dogma and demonstrates its inconsistency, proving that confusion is not a sufficient reason for extinguishment of the obligation and that its immediate effect is confined to the transformation of the obligation into a natural one due to the temporary loss of its suability. For this purpose, in the first part of the article, the author examines hypotheses of the merger of the debtor and creditor, the meaning and consequences of the obligation-terminating effect of the confusion, and critically analyzes the theories that, according to their authors, aim to justify this effect (theories of supervening impossibility, fictitious performance, compensation (offset), achievement of the goal, and loss of interest or meaning in the further existence of the obligation).

Keywords: компенсация, исполнение, compensation, performance, confusion, достижение цели, impossibility of performance, невозможность исполнения, offset, прекращение обязательства, конфузия, termination of obligation, merger of the creditor and debtor, совпадение кредитора и должника, совпадение должника и кредитора, merger of the debtor and creditor, fictitious performance, setoff, achievement of goal, loss of interest, satisfaction of the creditor's interest, фиктивное исполнение, зачёт, утрата интереса, удовлетворение интереса кредитора