«Австрофашизм»: дискуссии о режиме Дольфуса-Шушнига в историографическом и социально-политическом контексте

Диалог со временем. 2025. № 91. С. 116–130.

Golovlev A.

The article examines the concept of “Austrofascism” in the context of modern Austrian history, political, historical and political science discussions. “Austrofascism” was introduced by the left-wing opposition and later used by social democratic historians, while conservative and liberal Catholic authors preferred the term “corporatist state” (Ständestaat). Since the 1980s-90s, there has been an intensification of debates in Austrian and international historiography about the correspondence of the Dollfuss-Schuschnigg regime to the criteria of fascism. In the English-language literature, the concept of parafascism has gained momentum allowing historians to avoid both the identification of the Austrian dictatorship with Nazism and its right-wing apologies. Political nuances in the assessment of the Austrian dictatorship have led to the incompleteness of the theoretical discussion and to a search for compromise designations that, as a rule, do not reflect the specifics of the corporatist dictatorship of 1933/34-1938. 

Keywords: Новейшая история Европы, European History, Austrian history, история Австрии, foreign historiography, зарубежная историография, Austrofascism, Австрофашизм