Сверхкомпенсация и противоречие публичному порядку как основание для отказа в экзекватуре арбитражных и иностранных судебных решений в российском и европейском праве

Вестник экономического правосудия Российской Федерации. 2022. № 8. С. 119–155.

Акужинов А. С.

The article examines how Russian and a number of other European legal systems restrict the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards and foreign super compensation awards with reference to their conflict with public policy. The author begins by setting the context of the study by conceptualising public policy as a secondary rule in H.L.A. Hart's conception. The author shows that the public policy clause does not establish an explicit prescription, but merely opens up space for judicial law-making in the field of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and arbitral awards. These rules, the author insists, are formulated by judges on the basis of their own ethical considerations. The author then describes corrective justice as an ethical constraint on the application of super-compensatory remedies which the courts use as the foundation of the rules they create on the basis of the public policy clause. Using examples from the European and English legal systems, as well as international instruments, the reality of the inclusion of remedial justice in the notion of public policy is demonstrated. In the third part of the paper the author first reveals the content of public policy in Russian law and then describes the attitude of the Russian legal order to overcompensation remedies and analyses how Russian courts apply the public policy clause when deciding the issue of exequatur of overcompensation awards. The conclusion of the study summarises the findings.

Keywords: публичный порядок, экзекватура, public order, способы защиты, этика и право, disgorgement of profits, истребование доходов, non-compensatory damages, exemplary damages, punitive damages, exequature, корректирующая справедливость, штрафные убытки