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Оценка выбросов углерода вследствие изменений землепользования на глобальном и региональном уровнях в зарубежных исследованиях
The article presents a summary of approaches and methods used abroad to assess carbon emissions from land-use change on a global and regional scale. To understand the place of this topic in modern geoecology, an analysis of scientometric indicators was carried out based on the Scopus abstract database. A significant increase in publications on the results of studies of carbon emissions, absorption and removal under the influence of land use in the world since the early 2000s is noted. Currently, their number is more than 200 articles annually. The leading countries in publication activity include China, the USA, Germany, Great Britain and Brazil, and the organizations include the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Modern studies of changes in the carbon balance as a result of land-use transformation are based on tracking land cover changes in the spatio-temporal aspect using advanced geoinformation technologies and on modeling carbon flows using accurate data corresponding to approaches 2-3 of the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It was found that most studies of leading scientific centers have a common algorithm and stages; The article provides a description of these stages, namely the methods and specific tools used, and defines their advantages and disadvantages. The general research algorithm includes, at the first stage, an assessment of the dynamics of land use/land cover for different time ranges, then modeling the carbon balance as a result of land use changes, and developing regional policy measures on this basis. The features of the application of methods and initial data are revealed (using studies conducted in China, Brazil, etc. as examples). A conclusion is made about the need for further improvement of methods in the area of accuracy of land use/land cover classifications and the timeliness of reflecting its dynamics, as well as determining carbon stocks. Specific practical actions in the area of regional planning and development of compensation measures within the framework of climate policy depend on this.