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Онто- и субъектогенез психического развития человека
This book is devoted to the most important date – the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Institute of Psychology (1971) in the system of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1991). The book was prepared by the joint efforts of the members of the Laboratory of psychology of the subject development in normal and post-traumatic states.
Several chapters of the first section in the book “Methodology, Theory and History of Research” reflect the logic and history of the science deve- lopment at the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Scienc- es, primarily the development of the subject-activity approach and dynamic approach, as well as some other areas – cognitive psychology, psychology of the subject (where the subject is a person at the highest level of activity, con- sistency and autonomy), personality psychology, psychology of post-trau- matic stress etc., which have become the grounding for new and promising researches. Substantiated original methodological and theoretical approach- es: system-subjective, subject-analytical, biopsychosocial; the latter is used in the research on the psychology of post-traumatic stress. Major scientific problems discussed are as follows: the features of the continuum-genetic de- velopment of a person as a subject of development from infancy to old age, the psychological maturity of the subject and the criteria for its assessment etc. The legitimacy of differentiation of concepts of the stress and the post-trau- matic stress is affirmed and the relevance of the development of methodo- logical and theoretical issues raised within the framework of one of the cur- rently leading scientific areas – the psychology of the possibility – is proved.
The second section of the book “Mental Development of the Subject at Different Stages of Ontogenesis” is dedicated to the study of the human mental world at life-span development. Several chapters of this section in the collective monograph present the results of the theoretical and empiri
cal study on cognitive and sociocultural factors of individual differences in the development of the Theory of Mind in childhood and adolescence, as well as data obtained in the course of the comprehensive study of behavior control, that is the regulatory function of the subject. The question has been raised about the structure of behavior control at different ages and about the conditions for its formation and development. A cross-cutting topic of the research presented in the book is the topic of a person’s psychological well-being, which is explicitly or implicitly traced in all sections of the col- lective monograph. It is developed most clearly in two chapters of the se- cond section, devoted to the psychological well-being of a person in dif- ferent periods of adulthood: the predictors of psychological well-being in adolescence, middle and older age are considered; the position on multiple options for successful aging associated with the diversity of the subject’s in- ternal resources is substantiated.
The third section “Personality as a Subject of Mental Development in Difficult and Traumatic Situations” deals with issues related to the func- tioning of the personality in specific, difficult situations and in extreme life circumstances. The psychological consequences of the influence of even- tual and invisible threats are compared, such as radiation hazard, virus and terrorist threats. The latter is analyzed from the point of view of its influ- ence on a person, an informational and psychological impact in particular. Several chapters of the third section in the book are on the analysis of signs of post-traumatic stress caused by a high-intensity stressor (a life-threaten- ing disease), external and internal resources for coping with the psycholo- gical consequences of traumatic stress are also described there. In connec- tion with the problem of multiple and prolonged traumatization, the issue of complex post-traumatic stress is considered, arguments are provided to prove the plausibility of the conclusion about the “revival” of traumatic ex- perience as a result of experiencing an actual difficult life situation.
In conclusion, new ideas, hypotheses, debatable questions are discussed and that determine the immediate and long-term prospects for research planned by the staff of the Laboratory of the Psychology of Subject Deve- lopment in Normal and Post-Traumatic States in the Institute of Psycholo- gy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
