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Mobility of Persons with Disabilities in Russia: Towards the Implementations of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
The need to ensure mobility of persons with disabilities is due to an increase in the absolute and relative number of people with disabilities, which is a global trend. The United Nations Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, adopted in 2006, was aimed at solving these problems.
The actual problem of the Russian social practice is the provision of physical and social mobility of the disabled, the formation of a monitoring system of the rights of the disabled and the availability of infrastructure elements for them. Special sample surveys provide a significant role in obtaining objective information on the needs of persons with disabilities.
In 2017, a study was conducted in Moscow (Russia) to identify problems related to accessibility of infrastructure facilities for disabled people. The sample size was 705 people, including 429 adults with disabilities (60.9%) and 276 parents of children with disabilities (39.1%) representing all districts of Moscow.
The study showed that the most accessible institutions for the disabled are parks, shops, pharmacies, clinics and rehabilitation centers. Only 35.5% of respondents believe that problems with transportation of disabled people and Parking of their personal vehicles are solved in the city. So far, only one in five respondents believes that life in Moscow is comfortable enough for the disabled.
Prospective areas of activity relate to various aspects of the formation of an accessible environment: from the adaptation of housing to the information environment and transport infrastructure. The inclusion of persons with disabilities in the local community is a separate issue that needs to be addressed. Despite the fact that disabled people quite often note the lack of high-quality medical care, in their opinion, considerable attention should be paid to ensuring access to services, mobility, freedom of movement.
The results of the study can serve as a basis for the development of proposals for the formation of an effective model of ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities through the creation of a universal barrier-free environment, taking into account the characteristics of the activities of different groups of people with disabilities.