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Этика и эпистемология: «четвертый постулат практического разума» А.И. Введенского
The subject of research is the relationship of ethics and epistemology, both within the scientific ethos, and from the point of view of providing grounds for tolerance in situations of «historical fractures» – the rapid and sensitive transformations of the socio-cultural situation, in particular from the postmodern to postpostmodern, accompanied by the acquisition of a new identity through a process of the renarrativization and competition/war narratives.
It’s shown that the choice of the paradigmatic basis of the study (regardless of the degree of understanding) is always an ethical choice, it is fundamentally important for the historian as a creator of historical knowledge constituting the basis of adaptation of society to new socio-cultural situation. Selected three models of the relationship of ethics and epistemology: (1) epistemology outside ethics, it provides «pure knowledge», that is its ethical value, absolute and unconditional; (2) epistemology and ethics interact, but not as a part of philosophy, and at the level of the individuality of the scientist; (3) epistemology intimately tied to ethics, they have the same direction and a common basis.
Analyzed the fourth postulate of practical mind – the principle of «recognition of another soul», underlying third model; it postulated by the founder of the Russian version of neo-Kantianism A.I. Vvedensky as a epistemological and ethical hypothesis. It’s shown disagreement Russian philosophical tradition and Kant's ethics. Discussed the ethical aspects of the discussion of the «psychophysical law of the absence of objective signs of another soul» by A.I. Vvedensky
It’s shown that evaluation of the concept of A.I. Vvedensky by the author, in contrast to the modern history of philosophy, due to the background of source study and, therefore, the understanding of the role of the principle of «recognition of another soul» in the further development of the methodology of history, in particular the concept of A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky, whose development in the Soviet historical science has led to the emergence of source study as sub-disciplines of historical science and the formation of neo-classical phenomenological concept of Scientific and pedagogical school of source study.