Book chapter
Концептуальная метафора как основа семантики прилагательных
The paper introduces some results of researching conceptual metaphors that form the semantics of English adjectives denoting mental characteristics of people. Several conceptual metaphors based on humans’ ontological experience are discussed, namely metaphors of acting upon an object and zoomorphic ones.
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The paper introduces some results of researching conceptual metaphors that form the semantics of English adjectives denoting mental characteristics of people. Several conceptual metaphors based on humans’ ontological experience are discussed, namely metaphors of acting upon an object and zoomorphic ones.
The work is based upon the critical discourse studies (Van Dijk) and conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff) and analyses the corpus of programs by candidates for mayor officially published during the latest electoral campaign in Moscow. The discursive reproducrion of domination and inequality can be seen, in different variations, in all the programs under scrutiny.
This paper deals with the metaphoric representation of the concept cash in professional discourse. It is based on the analysis of conceptual metaphors in English written texts produced by students majoring in economics. The paper focuses on the metaphor as a means of verbalizing special knowledge in a professional type of economic discourse. A comprehensive analysis, applied by the author, contributes to the development of a metaphoric model of the concept cash.
Conceptualization of various spheres of human life is one of the most topical issues in modern cognitive linguistics. Metaphorical mapping is used to conceptualize economic, political and social aspects of our life. The present article deals with conceptual metaphors which might be applied to consider different aspects of educational process on the example of foreign language acquisition. The author considers different approaches to metaphor in terms of philosophy and linguistics, describes the main principles of conceptual metaphor theory and provides some examples of using metaphorical mapping in conceptualization of educational process.
This paper explores the ways of displaying zhalost′ (‘pity’) in the Russian language in order to show how the analyzed emotional concept varies in relation to the main values in some typical pity-situations. According to the National Russian Corpus zhalost′ (‘pity’) is related, in its most manifestations, to different concepts like compassion, sympathy, tenderness, love, affection as well as superiority, irony, anxiety, shame, humiliation, sadness, disappointment, disgust, pain and anger that refer to some typical pity-situations in which they occur. It is as if the personal world-mind, which selects words, were ruled, through a lexical representation, by a vast pattern-system as a basis of judgments about pity. As we shall see, this specific system or organization, characteristic for the Russian linguistic consciousness, gives us a long array of such and such occurrences and permit finally to understand that the traditional pattern-organization of pity as a compassion, sympathy, or love, changes in matter. It is not because it is variable, fuzzily and vague but because it is connected with some unusual concepts like superiority, disgust, or anger, which contrast with traditional ethical values and axiological conventions.
The article presents some results of the investigation into the conceptual basis of semantics of the English adjectives comprising the lexical category “Mental characteristics of human beings”. A case study of compound adjectives shows that the conceptual basis of their semantics is formed, in particular, by space conceptions that reflect humans’ ontological knowledge and are realized through the conceptual metaphor “container”. This research revealed that this metaphor underlies the semantics of the majority of the compound adjectives in question. The head-word semantics is based on the concept CONTAINER, which is verbalized via eight substantive stems (head-, pat-, brain- etc). The container is believed to possess certain properties, which are verbalized via the second element of the compounds. The quality of humans’ mental activity is associated with the container properties. As the examples demonstrate, the following parameters of the container are projected on the target domain of human beings mental characteristics: size, weight, thickness of the shell, substance physical qualities. Corruption of these is seen as the reason of inability to understand or memorize new information, in particular: smaller size of the container, excessively thick shell, excessively high/low weight of the substance, wrong substance. The field of negative mental characteristics is nominated more rigorously and meticulously: the number of these compounds is twice that of the compounds with positive mental characteristics.