Book
Russian Summer School on Institutional Analysis – Research Projects 2013
The Summer School is aimed at creating and supporting the academic network of young researchers from all regions of Russia as well as from CIS and other countries, who work in the field of New Institutional Economics. The schedule of the Summer School includes lectures, seminars and plenty of possibilities for discussion and communication. This year we will focus on possibilities and challenges of applied research in the institutional economics framework.
The efficiency of social reforms in different countries mostly depends on the extent to which they can be accepted by people. Moreover, even if the problems are similar, the reasons may differ, which can lead to fail in applying existing laws of one state to another one. Bribery, as shows the Corruption Perception Index, calculated by Transparency International, is a typical problem for developing countries – that also matches research (Levin & Satarov, 2000; Ilzetzki, 2010) concluding that corruption has roots in socialist regimes and that in recently established political stability instable economic situation leads to growth in crime. The main problem within the scope of this project is to identify the relation between corruption perception and level of trust in the society and to distinguish the differences in factors affecting these characteristics in post-soviet countries. The research discoveres that distrust matters a lot for the problem in Russia and suggests further examining European countries in order to explain the difference in trust.
The proposed monograph - one of the first scientific papers, which the system based on the conceptual model of the households in the structure of the national economy. Updated theoretical and methodological basis of the research institute of the household, its place in the reproductive and financial systems of the national economy. A special place in the book takes the study of households in the institutional system, including property relations and informal institutions. The analysis of the functioning of households in different economic systems proposed directions of households in the context of the national economy.
For teachers, researchers and graduate students, as well as for all those interested in the functioning of the household and efficient interaction of economic agents.
There is now a very extensive and well-developed theoretical literature on the difficulties faced by durable goods monopolists in pricing their products. Surprisingly, the seminal article in this field did not come from a formal economic theorist but from Ronald Coase. Coase wanted to show that there are situations under which a pure monopolist might not be able to charge a monopoly price for durable products. The literature has since expanded to consider all manner of theoretical and formal conditions under which this hypothesis might or might not hold. And scholars have claimed that this body of work provides insights into everything from strategic leases to planned obsolescence and the problem of new model introductions. But how well has this literature really served to illuminate the problems facing actual business firms? While the safety razor industry has often been invoked as an example of durable goods pricing there has only been limited investigation into the actual behavior of the dominant firm in this industry – Gillette. We consider here the major ideas that have developed as an offshoot of the original Coase paper and the extent to which a case study of Gillette confirms or confounds this analysis.
In the article the author considers the factors, governing by people coming in a small business. These factors can vary depending on the social and economic situation. The author estimates an enterprise potential of the Russian society and analyzes the reasons on which people start to attend to business.
We review the transition of the Russian banking sector focusing on the interplay between ownership change and institutional change. We find that the state's withdrawal from commercial banking has been inconsistent and limited in scope. To this day, core banks have yet to be privatized and the state has made a comeback as owner of the dominant market participants. We also look at the new institutions imported into Russia to regulate banking and finance, including rule of law, competition, deposit insurance, confidentiality, bankruptcy, and corporate governance. The unfortunate combination of this new institutional overlay and traditional local norms of behavior have brought Russia to an impasse - the banking sector's ownership structure hinders further advancement of market institutions. Indeed, we may now be witnessing is a retreat from the original market-based goals of transition.
The article examines the specifics of small business sector institutional development in the transitional economy of Russia. It shows that small business adjustment has brought about a number of economic institutions, for example, business networks and vertically integrated structures. But business associations as a fully-fledged institution representing and protecting the interests of small business have not been established yet. Business ties and transactions are maintained through informal contracts, businessmen' personal relations. This practice has triggered the development of the shadow economy. A similar institutional development of the sector has had mainly negative results. The analysis has used the results of formalized surveys and in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs and small business managers held by IPSSA (with the participation of the article's author) in 1992 to 1998.
In this chapter, the tools of institutional economics applied to the comparative analysis of traffic rules as amended in 1998, 2010 and 2014. It is shown how the contract eliminated the holes in the different editions of traffic rules.
Smoking is a problem, bringing signifi cant social and economic costs to Russiansociety. However, ratifi cation of the World health organization Framework conventionon tobacco control makes it possible to improve Russian legislation accordingto the international standards. So, I describe some measures that should be taken bythe Russian authorities in the nearest future, and I examine their effi ciency. By studyingthe international evidence I analyze the impact of the smoke-free areas, advertisementand sponsorship bans, tax increases, etc. on the prevalence of smoking, cigaretteconsumption and some other indicators. I also investigate the obstacles confrontingthe Russian authorities when they introduce new policy measures and the public attitudetowards these measures. I conclude that there is a number of easy-to-implementanti-smoking activities that need no fi nancial resources but only a political will.
One of the most important indicators of company's success is the increase of its value. The article investigates traditional methods of company's value assessment and the evidence that the application of these methods is incorrect in the new stage of economy. So it is necessary to create a new method of valuation based on the new main sources of company's success that is its intellectual capital.