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19 August 2019
Brain in Space: What Happens to the Human Nervous System in Weightlessness
While Roscosmos is discussing future manned flights to Mars, NASA plans to open the International Space Station for commercial tourism, and SpaceX is testing its Starship Mars prototype, scientists are seriously concerned about the impact of prolonged stay in space on the human body. While the effects of weightlessness on bones, muscles and the vestibular system are well known, how the human brain copes with microgravity has yet to be fully examined. IQ.HSE has compiled the latest research on this topic.
16 August 2019
Microgravity Changes Brain Connectivity: What Happens to the Human Brain in Weightlessness
An international team of Russian and Belgian researchers has found out that space travel has a significant impact on the brain: they discovered that cosmonauts demonstrate changes in  brain connectivity related to perception and movement. Some areas, such as regions in the insular and parietal cortices, work more synchronously with other brain areas after the space flight. On the other hand,  connectivity of some other regions, such as the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei,  decreases. The results of the study were published in Frontiers in Physiology.
15 August 2019
Democracy Isn’t for Everyone: Russians Adopt Western Values but See Them in Their Own Way
Europe wants to live in a democracy. This is especially true for residents of countries of Northern Europe, but less so for those of former socialist countries, especially Russia. While almost everyone has a positive attitude towards democracy, people have different understandings of it. Alla Salmina studied the relationship between attitudes and understandings of it using the data of 28 countries that participated in the European Social Survey (ESS). 

Book

Орнитология в Северной Евразии. Материалы XIII международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии. Тезисы докладов (Оренбург, 30 апреля - 6 мая 2010 г.)

Оренбург: Оренбургский государственный педагогический университет, 2010.
Editor-in-chief: Е. Курочкин, А. Давыгора

The book contains abstracts of the Xlllth Internationa! Ornithological Conference of Northern Eurasia held at the Orenburg State Pedagogical University (30 April -6 May 2010). It includes more than 400 abstracts of t he plenary lectures and symposia reports, as well as the poster presentations and materials from the round-table discussions. Papers are devoted to general ornithology, conservation of birds and applied ornithological research, as well as issues related to wider ornithological understanding and education. It is of interest to zoologists, educators and nature lovers in general.

Chapters
Влияние хищника и других факторов на изменение плотности гнездования
Градов И. П., Малашкин А. В. В кн.: Орнитология в Северной Евразии. Материалы XIII международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии. Тезисы докладов (Оренбург, 30 апреля - 6 мая 2010 г.). Оренбург: Оренбургский государственный педагогический университет, 2010. С. 105-106.
Added: Mar 25, 2013
Численное моделирование ложных паник у животных
Малашкин А. В. В кн.: Орнитология в Северной Евразии. Материалы XIII международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии. Тезисы докладов (Оренбург, 30 апреля - 6 мая 2010 г.). Оренбург: Оренбургский государственный педагогический университет, 2010. С. 201-201.
Added: Mar 25, 2013
Research target: Earth SciencesBiology
Language: Russian
Keywords: Орнитология
Орнитология в Северной Евразии. Материалы XIII международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии. Тезисы докладов (Оренбург, 30 апреля - 6 мая 2010 г.)
Similar publications
Труды Мензбировского орнитологического общества, том I: Материалы XIII Международной орнитологической конференции Северной Евразии
Edited by: В. Белик, Г. Джамирзоев Т. 1. Махачкала: АЛЕФ, 2011.
Added: Mar 25, 2013
Книга картины Земли: Сб. статей в честь Ирины Геннадиевны Коноваловой
М.: Индрик, 2014.
Added: Sep 29, 2014
Where is a Teacher Happy in Russia? Indicators of Teachers’ Salaries
Derkachev P. Public Administration. PA. Высшая школа экономики, 2015. No. WP BRP 28/PA/2015.
This article considers the uneven positions of school teachers in different regions of the Russian Federation. There exist numerous research works on the relation of school teachers’ salaries to the characteristics of regional educational systems and regional economies. A range of indicators is used to calculate school teachers’ salaries. It is necessary to consider the ratio of the teachers’ salary to the average salary in the region, the latter serving as a target indicator in government programs, in combination with other indicators, such as the ratio of the salary to the price of a fixed set of goods and services and the ratio of the teachers’ salary fund to total regional government expenditures. Research based on cluster data analysis statistical methods allowed the author to distinguish four types of regions. We used official data provided by Russian Federal State Statistics Service and the Russian Federal Treasury. The recommendations developed for each cluster of regions seek to improve the efficiency of the steps aimed at the implementation of the educational policy tasks through differentiating the support measures by the federal government
Added: Apr 30, 2015
Speech encoding by coupled cortical theta and gamma oscillations
Hyafil A., Fontolan L., Kabdebon C. et al. eLife. 2015. No. 4. P. 1-45.

Many environmental stimuli present a quasi-rhythmic structure at different timescales that the brain needs to decompose and integrate. Cortical oscillations have been proposed as instruments of sensory de-multiplexing, i.e., the parallel processing of different frequency streams in sensory signals. Yet their causal role in such a process has never been demonstrated. Here, we used a neural microcircuit model to address whether coupled theta–gamma oscillations, as observed in human auditory cortex, could underpin the multiscale sensory analysis of speech. We show that, in continuous speech, theta oscillations can flexibly track the syllabic rhythm and temporally organize the phoneme-level response of gamma neurons into a code that enables syllable identification. The tracking of slow speech fluctuations by theta oscillations, and its coupling to gamma-spiking activity both appeared as critical features for accurate speech encoding. These results demonstrate that cortical oscillations can be a key instrument of speech de-multiplexing, parsing, and encoding.

Added: Jul 15, 2015
Pathset Graphs: A Novel Approach for Comprehensive Utilization of Paired Reads in Genome Assembly
Pham S. K., Antipov D., Sirotkin Alexander et al. Journal of Computational Biology. 2013. Vol. 20. No. 4. P. 359-371.

One of the key advances in genome assembly that has led to a significant improvement in contig lengths has been improved algorithms for utilization of paired reads (mate-pairs). While in most assemblers, mate-pair information is used in a post-processing step, the recently proposed Paired de Bruijn Graph (PDBG) approach incorporates the mate-pair information directly in the assembly graph structure. However, the PDBG approach faces difficulties when the variation in the insert sizes is high. To address this problem, we first transform mate-pairs into edge-pair histograms that allow one to better estimate the distance between edges in the assembly graph that represent regions linked by multiple mate-pairs. Further, we combine the ideas of mate-pair transformation and PDBGs to construct new data structures for genome assembly: pathsets and pathset graphs.

Added: Mar 21, 2014
Mechanisms for multiple activity modes of VTA dopamine neurons
Oster A., Faure P., Gutkin B. BioRxiv. http://dx.doi.org/. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2014. No. 10.1101/008920.
Midbrain ventral segmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons send numerous projections to cortical and sub-cortical areas, and diffusely release dopamine (DA) to their targets. DA neurons display a range of activity modes that vary in frequency and degree of burst ring. Importantly, DA neuronal bursting is associated with a significantly greater degree of DA release than an equivalent tonic activity pattern. Here, we introduce a single compartmental, conductance-based computational model for DA cell activity that captures the behavior of DA neuronal dynamics and examine the multiple factors that underlie DA firing modes: the strength of the SK conductance, the amount of drive, and GABA inhibition. Our results suggest that neurons with low SK conductance are in a fast firing mode, are correlated with burst firing, and require higher levels of applied current before undergoing depolarization block. We go on to consider the role of GABAergic inhibition on an ensemble of dynamical classes of DA neurons and find that strong GABA inhibition suppresses burst firing. Our studies suggest differences in the distribution of the SK conductance and GABA inhibition levels may indicate subclasses of DA neurons within the VTA. We further identify, that by considering alternate potassium dynamics, the dynamics display burst patterns that terminate via depolarization block, akin to those observed in vivo in VTA DA neurons and in substantia nigra pars compacta DA cell preparations under apamin application. In addition, we consider the generation of transient burst ring events that are NMDA-initiated or elicited by a sudden decrease of GABA inhibition, that is, disinhibition.
Added: Feb 17, 2015