Деконцентрация или децентрализация? Пространственная динамика логистики в Лос-Анджелесе и Чикаго

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 5: География. 2024. Т. 79. № 5. С. 101–113.

Shcheglova E., Dokhov R.

The consolidation of global supply chains, the spread of new production modes without the accumulation of warehouse stocks and the ongoing digitalization of consumption caused significant changes in the localization of new logistics facilities inside the largest metropolitan areas. On the examples of two key logistics hubs of the United States - Los Angeles and Chicago MSAs - the spatial dynamics of the industry for the period 2003–2019 is examined at a highly detailed spatial level (zip-codes). The combination of various methods of spatial analysis - centrographic, kernel density estimation and z-score of the Getis-Ord local statistics - made it possible to identify various combinations of decentralization and deconcentration processes inside these metropolitan areas. The reasons for the ongoing shifts are associated with fundamental differences in the morphological structure of the cities. The polycentric decentralized keno-capitalist structure of Los Angeles and the combination of a high level of local demand with the function of the country's western trade gateway led to equidirectional decentralization and the formation of new large logistics hubs on the periphery of the agglomeration, while the concentration level did not increase. Chicago's sectoral structure has created a strong southwest shift while reducing the number of downtown warehouses, creating a new logistics hub focused on servicing consumption in the interior Midwest.

Keywords: логистика, экономика США, США, экономическая география, USA, economic geography, American studies, городские исследования, warehousing, грузовой транспорт, городская логистика, US economy, Urban Studies, спрол, urban sprawl, Freight Transportation, Logistics Sprawl, склады