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От инициативы к политике: институциализация поддержки индивидуальной агентности
In recent years, the concept of individual agency has occupied a central place in the social sciences and is increasingly being discussed in the context of public policy practices. In conditions of weakening social structures, accelerating technological and economic changes, the importance of a person's ability to act independently increases, including not only proactive formation of their own development trajectory, but also participation in improving the institutional environment. Agency becomes not only a characteristic of personality, but also an object of institutional interest on the part of the state, business and civil society. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the "request for human agency" is formed and maintained and what institutional forms serve as a response to this request. Based on the analysis of international academic and expert sources, as well as policy documents of international organizations, three key areas of agency institutionalization are identified: education, economics and social cohesion. In the field of education, agency is considered both as the ultimate goal (one of the key educational outcomes) and as a tool for preparing a person for life in conditions of uncertainty. There is increasing attention to self-education, individual educational trajectories and informal learning, and digital platforms are becoming a means of expanding the autonomy of students. In the field of economic activity, agency acts as a resource for innovation and flexibility, but at the same time it is accompanied by risks of individualization of responsibility and job instability, especially in conditions of platform employment. In the field of social cohesion, agency manifests itself in collective forms of action, from social enterprises and local initiatives to international and national projects that promote intercultural dialogue and build trust between different groups in a situation of growing diversity among them. The results show that the development of agency is becoming an important part of modern social policy. By supporting individual independence and responsibility, the measures under consideration simultaneously shift risks onto the individual, but this contradiction is only apparent: in conditions of neo-structuration, individual creative action becomes the mainstay not only of personal, but also of collective well-being.