The political class of Russia on the eve of the First World War

Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2022. Vol. 92. No. S11. P. S1000–S1008.

K. A. Solov’ev

The formation of the political class of Russia on the eve of the First World War is analyzed. Partic-

ular attention is paid to the emperor, his inner circle, representatives of the highest bureaucracy, and deputies

of the State Duma involved in the political decision-making process. The question of the forms of interaction,

everyday practices of cooperation between deputies and officials is considered. However, these forms of coop-

eration coexisted with the ineradicable conflicts characteristic of the lawmaking system of the early 20th cen-

tury. The emperor and his inner circle did not become part of the emerging political class. This was a “fault

line” that provoked crises both before and after 1914

Keywords: политическая система, бюрократия, Государственная Дума, bureaucracy, политический класс, political system, State Duma, political class