Эволюция избирательных технологий в России: от поквартирного обхода до «цифры» и обратно

Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 2023. № 1(173). С. 121–142.

Kolesnik N. V.

Based on interviews with Rus-sian political consultants, and business and government representatives, the re-construction process of electoral tech-niques in contemporary Russia is being held. Using empirical data, the authors explore the features of forming the mar-ket for electoral services in the context of the electoral process and the impact on the election campaigns that representa-tives of government, business, and po-litical consultants have. The analysis of electoral techniques reconstructed by experts showed that they usually evolve along with the general political practices in the country. The electoral services mar-ket, established in the 90s, reflected the increased demand for a different kind of politics — not only from the Russian elec-torate but also from new politicians and business representatives. In the course of the empirical study, it was revealed that due to the evolution of the political re-gime in Russia, electoral techniques had undergone a significant transformation, and, in general, the electoral system is being reproduced on an enclosed basis. The past election campaigns have shown that the use of administrative resources often has unpredictable consequences. Therefore digital resources are now being actively used, dramatically technologiz-ing the electoral process and increasing the accuracy of counting votes. Traditional methods of conducting an election cam-paign in combination with digital technol-ogies are becoming a new way of commu-nication and expanding opportunities for the participation of ordinary citizens in big politics and the development of digital de-mocracy. The architects of digital products are not only professionals of the elector-al market represented by political tech-nologists, journalists, and representatives of political parties and social movements but also developers and users.

Keywords: выборы, власть, элита, политический рынок, цифровые технологии контроля