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Культурный слой городищ железного века и раннего средневековья в истоках Волки и Западной Двины (Руна-Заборовка, Заборовка-Лихуша, Ворошилово, археологический комплекс Верхмарево)
The cultural layers of fi ve hillforts located in the upper parts of the Volga and Western Dvina rivers (Tver region) were studied according to the descriptions of prospecting shafts and core samples. The cultural layers of the hillforts are represented by dark sand with a thickness of 0.4–1 m, satiated with charcoal. The characteristics of the cultural layers of the hillforts allow authors to refer them to the Archaeological Dark Earth. The cultural layers of the hillforts diff er in thickness, degree of homogeneity, coloring and concentration of charcoal. Radiocarbon dating of 19 charcoal samples suggests that the period of maximum economic activity at the hillforts of Zaborovka-Likhusha, Voroshilovo and Verkhmarevo-1 fell on the period of the Early Iron Age (3 century BC – fi rst centuries AD). According to the fi nds of pottery and some attributive objects, these sites can be related to the Dyakovo and late Dyakovo cultures. The main stage in the formation of the cultural layer for Runa-Zaborovka and Verkhmarevo–2 hillforts corresponds to the Early Middle Ages.