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Airborne LiDAR and Relief Model Visualisation in the Archaeological Landscape of Parion
This study presents the results of a UAV-based LiDAR survey at Parion, a Roman colonial city in the Troad, integrated with earlier excavation, photogrammetry, and geophysical datasets. With a density of 796 points/m², the LiDAR survey revealed micro-topographic anomalies invisible to traditional survey techniques. The ability of LiDAR to penetrate vegetation added another critical advantage, exposing features that would otherwise remain hidden beneath surface cover. Relief visualisation techniques, including the local relief model (LRM), local dominance (LD) and sky-view factor (SVF), revealed traces of possible buildings, terracing systems, and wall alignments in various parts of the city. By combining multi-scalar digital approaches, this research highlights the potential of LiDAR for reconstructing spatial organisation and urban development in complex landscapes.