Политические факты и производство смыслов в дискурсе

Полития: Анализ. Хроника. Прогноз. 2023. Т. 109. № 2. С. 19–36.

Казаков И. В.

The article conceptualizes the fact as a semiotic sign based on Peirce's models, reinterpreted by a number of modern scholars. Facts are defined as utterances that have illocutionary force, representing states of affairs to the mind, which interprets these representations as valid. Facts are also understood as a variant of speech acts: following Searle, we assume that such utterances are always illocutionary, although there is not always a direct connection between the structure of an utterance and its intended meaning. Based on this understanding of facts and Peirce's classification of interpretants, a semiotic typology of facts is devised. Eight types of facts are distinguished depending on the varying relations between interpretants and signs. All types of facts are presented in a three-dimensional conceptual model, which is presented in the article in the form of three two-dimensional tables. Possible conditions for the subject to choose one or another mode of interpretation are revealed. Connections of the types of interpretants to the possible types of subject orientation and to the concept of intersubjectivity are established. The proposed conceptualization of facts can work as a mediating formula, integrating different research traditions, overcoming their differences with the help of a common apparatus. The typology of facts is of practical significance for studies of discourse, including political discourse, especially when we deal with disputes concerning facts. It could allow the researcher, firstly, to restrict their work to certain categories of facts, and secondly, to effectively categorize facts by evaluating their key features

Keywords: семиотика, sign, знак, речевой акт, интерсубъективность, semiotics, intersubjectivity, факт, интерпретант, speech act, interpretant, FACT