Article
Тоска по бытию (А.П.Чехов и философия культуры)
About what do Chekhovian «heroes» grieve? About a life which value-horizons are principles and ideals of culture. But culture falls, its ideals and principles are discredited. A person whose life is interconnected with life of culture falls as well. Chekhovian characters grieve from comprehension of «escaping being», everyone in their own way. They live in a vague presentiment of cultural catastrofe.
The book enters into a circle of the problems connected with crisis of modern European culture. Relying on experience of the Russian philosophy of the Silver age (V. Solovyov, L. Shestov, S. Frank, N. Berdyaev, P. Florensky), the author investigates the reasons of spiritual and cultural shocks of our time. He sees manifestations of the radical antinomies of the European spirit penetrating all spheres in external signs of crisis, - from daily occurrence to the bases of modern science.
In 2010 we celebrate 105 years from the date of Victor Frankl's birth. His contribution to culture remains till now not estimated enough. In article it is traced origin and development of the concept of V. Frankl against crisis of the western culture of XX century. It is shown that the doctrine about spiritual life of the person and search for meaning contains the powerful impulse to an overcoming the crisis.
The paper treats the issue of identity of the ego, which constitutes the central problem of personology. The skeptical approach to this problem, which sees it as not being subject to be resolved by means of science, began with D. Hume's work. Contemporary personologists (P. Ricoeur and others) approach this problem through study of culture, which imparts the ego with «narrative identity». Cultural historic psychology is a «Bridge of interpretations», upon which philosophy of culture meets psychology, and psychological data associated with «personality» are interpreted on the basis of some specific cultural philosophic theory. The «conflict of interpretations» plays and essential role in personology, which participates in the processes of emergence and overcoming of the cultural crisis. Philosophical and methodological problems that define the near term perspective development of personology are formulated: whether there are any «ego invariants» that remain regardless of any possible cultural determination; whether the ego possesses any rigidity in relation to cultural determination and, if it does, what is the nature of this rigidity; whether ego identity is destroyed when cultural determination diminishes or ceases, etc.
In 2010 we celebrate 105 years from the date of Victor Frankl's birth. His contribution to culture remains till now not estimated enough. In article it is traced origin and development of the concept of V. Frankl against crisis of the western culture of XX century. It is shown that the doctrine about spiritual life of the person and search for meaning contains the powerful impulse to an overcoming the crisis.
In contemporary journalism, it is often argued that Europe is now experiencing a kind of re-emergence of the crisis that shook the continent in the 1930s. This analogy of thinking ignores the fundamental differences between the unprecedented erosion of European democracies that took place 80-90 years ago and Europe's identity crisis today. The differences between these two eras and the specific nature of the European crisis of the 1930s are dedicated to this essay collection.