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The Use of the NAMI-DANCE computational complex on the problem of tsunami waves
Mathematical models that are applicable to the simulation of the generation and propagation
of tsunami waves from different sources, that is, underwater earthquakes, submarine landslides,
and meteotsunamis, are described. The models are based on the well-known nonlinear shallow-water
theory and its dispersion generalizations in two horizontal dimensions. Long wave dispersion related
to the finiteness of water depth increases the order of the initial equations and, as a consequence, the
time of computation. For this reason, physical dispersion in the investigations presented in this paper
is replaced by numerical dispersion owing to a special choice of spatial and temporal steps. The numerical
scheme for solving the shallow water equations is based on the leapfrog method. The equations are
solved in spherical coordinates fixed to the rotating Earth with allowance for dissipative effects in the
near-bottom layer with the use of the developed NAMI-DANCE code. For waves of seismic origin,
the initial conditions for solving the hydrodynamic equations are taken from the solution of an elasticity
theory problem to describe earthquake evolution (the Okada solution). In the case of a meteotsunami,
atmospheric factors are taken into account as external forces and included in the right-hand
sides of shallow water equations. Finally, generation of tsunami waves by submarine landslides is considered
within the framework of a two-layer model with a lower viscous layer modeling the motion
of the landslide. Two kinds of boundary conditions are used: free wave passage through open boundaries
(in straits, etc.) using linear shallow-water equations and full reflection on the coast or in the
near-shore area. Some test problems (benchmarks) on which the computational complex was verified
are listed. The difficulties in the representation of tsunami characteristics due to bad data on the bottom
bathymetry and topography of the land are mentioned. The possibility of using the developed
code for the analysis of tsunami action on coasts and constructions is also discussed.