Article
Сравнение качества данных PAPI и CAPI в лонгитюдном исследовании домохозяйств: результаты эксперимента в рамках РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ
The results of the Russian Census of 2010 lay on the table several topics requiring further discussion. Prerequisites for this discussion are the change of the administrative-territorial structure of Russia after the reform of municipal government in 2006 and the amendments to the Census Law made prior to Census 2010. During 2002-2010 increase in rural population was almost twice higher than that in urban areas: +11% and +6.3% correspondingly. Rural population increased up to 30-50% in some municipalities, while changes of the urban population were fairly minor or even negative over the intercensal period. This significant rise in the rural population could be related with changes concerning data capture of the population living in collective households. This ‘non-demographic’ factor distorts denominator for demographic rates for municipalities, affects on an allocation budget funds depending on the population in the municipality.
The edition includes two documents. The first one contains a list of 17 questions that users of the survey data should be asked to draw conclusions about the validity of the results. The proposed system of criteria is applicable to assess the quality of the results of almost any survey. The second paper deals with qualities of the data, which the social media are ready to provide the students of public opinion. Both documents were prepared by the AAPOR working group on emerging technologies (Emerging Technologies Task Force), whose activities had to focus on two key areas: (1) smartphones as devices data collection, (2) social media as a platform and information resource.
Individual psychological predictors in longitudinal studies of professional and educational careers The article presents first results of the Monitoring of educational and labor trajectories of high school and university graduates. This project has been launched by HSE in 2009. The research group has conducted surveys among university students in their last year studies in two regions of Russia. The purpose has been to determine individual indicators that would best predict changes in the educational and professional trajectory. There have been determined groups of students for whom the probability to change career after the graduation is particularly high. The article discusses the significance of the chosen independent variables as concerns the two main reasons for a trajectory change: lack of certainty in the professional career in the last year of studies and low academic achievements of students. The future possibilities of the launched study are discussed.
Several approaches to the concept of fatherhood present in Western sociological tradition are analyzed and compared: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The problematics of fatherhood and men’s parental practices is marginalized in modern Russian social research devoted to family and this fact makes the traditional inequality in family relations, when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to that of mother, even stronger. However, in Western critical men’s studies several stages can be outlined: the development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), the emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the approach of biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a model for his ascendants. Social constructivism looks into man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and establishing hegemony over a woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with social, cultural and personal context. It is shown that these approaches are directly connected with the level of the society development, marriage and family perceptions, the level of egality of gender order.