Риск-ориентированный подход к сохранению профессионального здоровья работников на предприятиях цветной металлургии в Арктической зоне Российской Федерации

Экология человека. 2019. № 2. С. 12–20.

Чащин В. П., Горбанев С. А.

Objective: to assess the risk of health disorders associated with working conditions, to determine the etiological contribution of harmful production factors, the total burden of these diseases and trends in their changes in workers employed at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods. The results of mandatory periodic medical examinations of 5,006 employees engaged in the pyrometallurgical and electrolytic production of Nickel and copper were analyzed. The indicator of loss of years of life, adjusted for the disability of employees (DALY) from diseases that have a stable and statistically significant relationship with working conditions, was determined. Results. 53% of the total number of employees are exposed to Nickel and copper compounds, including 50.9 % - in conditions of unacceptable concentrations of Nickel in the air of the working area, 9.2 % - copper and 19.9% of mixed dust. At the same time, the relative risk of developing occupational diseases was the most significant for workers employed in Nickel electrolysis shops (CEN) - 6.78, and the lowest - for workers in the production of copper. The prevalence of diseases in the CEN decreased by 27.8% from 2006 to 2015, in the refining shop - by 26.8 %, and among workers who have periodic contact with these metals - by 24.1 %. Conclusions. The most exposed groups are workers engaged in pyrometallurgical and electrolytic Nickel production. Applying a risk-based approach to the development of measures to preserve the health of workers allowed to achieve a substantial reduction in the prevalence of diseases related to working conditions, including among workers CENG - 2.1 times, employees pyrometallurgical refining of 17.8 % (men - 5.0 %, among women - in 2 times).

Keywords: Арктическая зона Российской Федерации, риск-ориентированный подход, risk-oriented approach, the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, copper-nickel industry, professional desease, медно-никелевая промышленность, болезни, связанные с работой